Eberhard III. from Neuhaus

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Coat of arms of Eberhard von Neuhaus in a Salzburg chronicle, after 1587

Eberhard von Neuhaus (* in the 14th century ; † January 18, 1427 in Salzburg) was from 1403 to 1404 administrator of the incorporated Reich Prelature Berchtesgaden and as Eberhard III. Archbishop of Salzburg from 1403 to 1427 .

Life

Origin and early years

Eberhard von Neuhaus came from an old knight family in the service of the Counts of Cilli , who named themselves after the Gurk feudal lordship of Neuhaus . As Eberhard III. When he took over the reign of the Prince Archbishopric of Salzburg , he was faced with many difficult problems in terms of foreign and domestic politics. After much effort, he was able to prevail against the opposing archbishop Berthold von Wehingen , who was appointed shortly after his election .

The hedgehog association

Immediately before his election as archbishop, following the example of numerous knight associations in the German Empire, Salzburg knights and servants and the citizens of the cities of Salzburg , Laufen , Tittmoning , Hallein and Radstadt concluded an alliance to help the future rulers to fulfill their numerous common wishes and Commit concerns. The certificate with numerous seals has been preserved and was named as a hedgehog certificate due to the shape of the parchment with its protruding seal bands. The fulfillment of such demands was in principle promised, but subsequently always delayed and prevented.

The dispute over Berchtesgaden

The Duke of Upper Bavaria-Munich, Wilhelm III , took advantage of the difficult situation in which the Archbishop found himself . sent off. He no longer wanted to accept the incorporation of the Berchtesgaden monastery into the prince-archbishopric of Salzburg , which had been in effect since 1393 .

Pope Boniface IX In 1402 also immediately issued a bull stating that this incorporation of Berchtesgaden was to be reversed, but revoked it in the same year after opposing ideas from Eberhard's predecessor as Archbishop of Salzburg. But after the son of the Bavarian Duke Ludwig intervened again and Austria and the majority of the cardinals in Rome also joined the Bavarians, on February 24, 1404 the independence of the prince provost of Berchtesgaden was restored. The canon of Freising Peter Pienzenauer , who accompanied the ducal son, was appointed the new provost.

Eberhard III took these processes. Although initially not officially aware of the Popes Innocent VII and Gregory XII. but subsequently confirmed the decision, so that Eberhard III. 1409 recognized the papal decision on the condition that in return for the high amounts owed by the provost to the prince-archbishopric, the Schellenberg salt works, including all facilities and the brewhouse, were pledged to Salzburg until the debts were repaid.

The economy of the country under Eberhard III.

Eberhard III. enjoyed the highest reputation in the empire thanks to his many diplomatic successes. He also endeavored conscientiously to fulfill his duties as sovereign, and was always concerned about peaceful settlement of all disputes, taking into account all social hardships. The high debts accumulated under his predecessor, the high taxes to the curia , the payments on account to his former rival Berthold von Wehingen, the high investment costs of Berchtesgaden and the costs of buying the High Court of Isengau and Mattsee led to a very tense financial situation in the country . The archbishop refrained from looking for a joint approach with the estates, as this would have resulted in a loss of power.

The expulsion of the Jews

In 1404 the Jews of the cities of Salzburg and Hallein were expelled under the pretext of an allegedly preceding host sacrilege. In Pettau they were held captive for a long time and then also deported. Obviously, the deportation was related to the poor economic situation in the country - but the deportation in no way improved it. Only a few particularly rich Jews (magnus judeus) , those Jews who converted to the Christian faith, as well as children under the age of 11 and pregnant women were spared .

death

Eberhard von Neuhaus died on January 18, 1427 in Salzburg and was buried in the cathedral in the St. Anna chapel.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Manfred Feulner : Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants . Pp. 76-78
predecessor Office successor
Gregor Schenk von Osterwitz Archbishop of Salzburg
1403–1427 		Eberhard IV of Starhemberg
Gregor Schenk von Osterwitz Administrator of Berchtesgaden
1403–1404 		Peter II. Pinzenauer
personal data
SURNAME Eberhard III. from Neuhaus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Archbishop of Salzburg
DATE OF BIRTH around 1370
DATE OF DEATH January 18, 1427
Place of death Salzburg