Disposable tableware
As disposable tableware is dinnerware called, which is intended for single use only. So it is about plates , cups , bowls , cutlery, etc., which are disposed of as waste after use . Its use is widespread in gastronomy (especially in system catering or fast food , as well as in other out-of-home sales) and in the leisure sector . Disposable tableware is therefore one of the disposable products .
Some sales packaging can also be used as dishes, such as yoghurt cups, quark bowls or hamburger collapsible boxes.
Disposable tableware is usually made of cardboard (paper plates and cups), plastic (plastic cups, mugs, cutlery), foamed plastic ( thermos cups ) or aluminum ( assiette ).
history
The paper plate was invented by Hermann Henschel in Luckenwalde , who had it patented in 1867.
Starting in 1908, the American Samuel J. Crumbine, a health officer from Kansas , campaigned for communal eating and drinking vessels to be taken out of public use as potential pathways for disease transmission. The Americans Lawrence Luellen and Hugh Moore took this as an opportunity to invent a disposable paper cup as a one-time use drinking vessel.
In the 1930s and 40s, single-use tableware for the supply of workers prevailed in North America.
In 1948, the McDonald’s restaurant chain introduced disposable packaging and tableware in order to prevent the high expenditure of conventional reusable tableware (cleaning, losses due to theft and breakage). By doing without glass and porcelain, customers were also able to buy and take away restaurant products for the first time.
With increasing environmental awareness since the end of the 20th century, disposable tableware made from both edible (e.g. waffle bowls ) and compostable and / or recycled materials is represented on the market.
advantages
The original advantage of disposable tableware was considered to be hygienic. Contamination of food due to inadequately cleaned dishes or the need to use dishes by several people, once essential aspects for the development of disposable dishes, are prevented.
Another advantage is that the disposable tableware, which can be produced inexpensively and with little effort, does not have to be cleaned and stored after use; There is no need for energy, water and manpower to clean reusable dishes, the product served on the disposable dishes is independent of the dishes being returned and can therefore be taken from the point of sale.
Environmental protection and legal initiatives to reduce it
From the point of view of avoiding waste , single-use tableware, like other single-use packaging and products, has come under fire. The accumulation of large amounts of plastic waste means a general disposal problem, as does the improper and illegal disposal of disposable tableware and packaging in nature and the landscape.
The city of Kassel failed in 1998 with the introduction of a waste tax on disposable tableware, as did an attempt by several federal states to introduce a corresponding packaging tax. Such a tax was last discussed in Berlin in 2012 in order to counter the neglect and littering of public spaces with disposable crockery and packaging.
In France, a ban on disposable tableware will come into force on January 1, 2020, with the exception of products made from compostable materials and bio-based plastics .
In the federal state of Salzburg , the use of disposable tableware made from non-compostable materials is prohibited under certain conditions from 2018. Violations can be punished with administrative fines of up to 21,000 euros.
In December 2018, a directive was passed in the EU Parliament according to which single-use plastic products, including single-use plastic dishes, will no longer be allowed in the European Union from 2021 for environmental reasons.
Even with disposable tableware made from “natural” raw materials such as bamboo fibers or maize flour, there is still the risk that the specific migration limits for pollutants can be exceeded many times over.
Other forms
Web links
- YouTube: The Incredible Story of a Spoon (by Greenpeace ; published October 22, 2015)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Katrin Bischoff: Hermann Henschel invented the paper plate 140 years ago in Brandenburg. In: berliner-zeitung.de. Retrieved March 19, 2013 .
- ↑ a b Samuel Crumbine. In: kshs.org , accessed March 21, 2013.
- ^ Dixie Cup Company History. (No longer available online.) In: academicmuseum.lafayette.edu. Archived from the original on November 12, 2011 ; Retrieved March 21, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c A Brief History of Foodservice Packaging. Foodservice Packaging Institute, 2006 (English)
- ↑ Avoiding waste starts with shopping. In: abfallscout.de. Retrieved March 24, 2013 .
- ↑ Are you aware of the dangers of plastic? In: nabu.de. Retrieved March 24, 2013 .
- ↑ a b SPD checks delivery of cardboard and disposable dishes. In: The world online. October 31, 2012, accessed March 27, 2013 .
- ↑ Initiative against microplastics - where Great Britain, Italy and Sweden are ahead of us. February 5, 2019, accessed February 5, 2019 .
- ↑ Health risks with "coffee-to-go" cups. In: bvl.bund.de . November 26, 2019, accessed November 27, 2019 .
