Electricity works Reichenhall
| Electricity works Reichenhall | ||
|---|---|---|
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| location | ||
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| Coordinates | 47 ° 43 '20 " N , 12 ° 51' 59" E | |
| country |
Germany Bavaria
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| place | Kirchberg | |
| Waters | Saalach / Kirchberger Mühlbach | |
| power plant | ||
| operator | from April 7, 1898 City of Bad Reichenhall | |
| Start of planning | 1889 | |
| construction time | 1889-1890 | |
| Start of operation | May 15, 1890 | |
| Shutdown | 1914 | |
| technology | ||
| Average height of fall |
2.66 m | |
| Expansion flow | 4–4.5 m³ / s | |
| Turbines | 1 turbine system built by Maschinenfabrik eG Landes München, comparable to the Henschel-Jonval turbine | |
| Generators | 1 Oerlikon alternator with countershaft, two conical wheels and belt transmission, 600 min -1 , 2000 V, 30 A | |
| Others | ||
| was standing | Demolished in 1980 | |
The wood pulp manufacturer Konrad Fischer from St. Zeno built a hydropower plant in Reichenhall under the name Elektricitäts-Werke Reichenhall , which went into operation on May 15, 1890. It was the first pure AC power plant in Germany and the first public power station in Bavaria.
In addition to the original name, E-Werk I (Reichenhall) and Kraftwerk I (on Nonner Strasse) were also common names for the power plant.
history
Approval
When the power plant was built, electricity was not a matter of course as it is today. At that time, Konrad Fischer had to obtain approval from countless authorities. However, no one had ever seen an electric power plant there, and even fewer had approved one. In addition to the city council of Reichenhall, the permits of the district office, the interior ministry, the Kgl. Railway administration, the Kgl. Post and telegraph administration, the road and river construction office and the Kgl. Forestry Office to be obtained. After long hesitation by the public authorities, the Reichenhall magistrate made the start and Fischer received the permit to build the power plant.
Start time
As with the permit, the administration and citizens were very skeptical of the power plant, electricity and, above all, the overhead lines . However, the response from technical departments was great and consistently positive. The Electrotechnical Research Station in Munich praised the design of the systems as elegant, safe and practical in their report 51/1890. The board of directors of the electrical engineering department of the Technical University in Munich came with 30 students to tour the power plant. The Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift , the only and famous trade journal at the time, dealt extensively with the power plant in three issues. Nevertheless it became officials of the Kgl. General management forbidden to visit the opening of the power plant or to enter the machine house. The reason given was that an alternating voltage of 2 kV was used there. However, since there were no accidents worth mentioning during the operation of the power plant, skepticism about this, for the time, highly modern technology disappeared. The constantly available electrical lighting with its many advantages over gas and kerosene lamps should have played its part.
owner
The builder Konrad Fischer sold the plant to Ing.Max Bayer from Munich on March 21, 1891. The purchase price for the power plant including the land, facilities and lines was 118,000 gold marks . This includes 55,000 marks for machines and cables. It is questionable whether Fischer was able to turn his pioneering work into financial success. However, it must not have been technical difficulties that prompted him to sell the work at the time. The city was supplied with light from the gasworks even before the power station was built, and due to the competition from electric light, a legal dispute developed in the following years that Fischer may have foreseen.
Ing.Max Bayer had a second generator of the same design installed as early as 1892, which was also driven by the existing turbine. A year later, a used steam engine was also installed for reserve operation.
On January 24, 1898, the magistrate and the community council decided to purchase the power plant and the new E-Werk II on Innsbrucker Strasse and the gas plant for 660,000 gold marks. This amount also included new acquisitions and the expansion of the plants. The purchase was through a loan from Bayer. Mortgage and exchange bank financed with 4% interest and 1.5% repayment. Notarial deeds dated April 7, 1898 document the purchase of E-Werk I.
extension
In 1892 and 1893, the technical systems were expanded to include an additional generator and a steam engine for emergency supply.
After the city bought it, the power plant was fundamentally expanded in 1898. The company building was enlarged and an additional steam engine and generator were added. The total volume of orders for the expansion amounted to a total of 72,280 gold marks. Of this, 17,280 were attributable to the new steam boiler, 14,500 to the generator and the remaining 40,500 to the renovation work. 70,000 gold marks were invested in the new acquisition and installation of the reaction steam turbine from 1908.
Cessation of operations
The construction of the new Saalach power plant meant that the Kirchberger Mühlbach as well as the other creeks and engine canals in the city no longer had any water. This is why power plant I on Nonner Strasse was temporarily shut down from 1914. The steam reserve was maintained for a longer period of time and the electrical systems served as a substation. Until the middle of the 20th century, the plant's machine and living rooms were rented to craft businesses, schools, private individuals and sports clubs. In 1980 the building was demolished and the city erected 118 social housing units on the former factory site.
description
Location
In February 1889 Konrad Fischer had already acquired a plot of land with water power in the former Metzgerau in Kirchberg from the state forest . He intended to set up an electrical central station there. The Kirchberger Mühlbach, which branched off from the Saalach south of today's Predigtstuhlbahn at the so-called Salzburg Weir ( ⊙ ) and was re-introduced in the area of today's Kretabrücke ( ⊙ ) , already flowed through the property . The former Hirschmühle, the Kotzbauermühle, the Sepperlmühle and the Heissmühle were also powered by the Mühlbach. From the location of today's senior citizens' home, the stream roughly followed today's Nonner Strasse. The power plant was built where the Nonner Str. 26b apartment block is today.
Building
The power plant was a brick building with a floor area of approx. 10 × 10 meters, an upper floor and a gable roof . On the ground floor there were two more rooms next to the machine house, on the upper floor there were further rooms, an attic and an alcove on the blueprint . The turbine house was directly connected to the power station and spanned the Mühlbach in its full width. The turbine house was built in half-timbered construction with an arched roof . Both buildings had a tin roof. After the purchase by the city of Reichenhall, the power plant buildings were also expanded. The main building was raised by one floor and the area was expanded to 35 × 15 meters. From the outside, the building was more reminiscent of a residential building than an industrial building. At the same time, a coal shed with a capacity of around two wagon loads of coal was built.
Technical equipment
Maschinenfabrik eG Landes München built the turbine system in which a reaction turbine of the Jonval type with an outside diameter of 3 meters was installed. A similar turbine is exhibited in the Deutsches Museum in Munich . A countershaft having two conical wheels and a belt drive the turbine transferred the mechanical power of 600 min -1 to an alternating current generator of the company Oerlikon in Zurich , of an electric voltage of 2 kV and a maximum electric current of 30 A was able to deliver.
In the report 51/1890 of the Electrotechnical Experimental Station in Munich, the beauty of the construction (of the generator) and the neat execution were particularly emphasized.
Initially, two power transformers with 10 kVA each and four with 4 kVA each were installed. The electricity was supplied to the city of Reichenhall and the communities of Kirchberg and Karlstein via overhead lines with oil insulators on 15 meter high telegraph masts . At the time of commissioning, the facility was able to supply up to 1200 lamps. A guard and an assistant were always present as permanent staff in the power plant. Engineer Taussig from AEG was responsible for the construction management of the electrical systems .
In 1892 the power station was expanded by the new owner with a second generator of the same type. In 1893 a used steam engine was installed, which was supplied by Maschinenbau Aktiengesellschaft München. The boiler with a heating surface of 20 m² was manufactured in 1885 by Lokomotiven-Fabrik Krauss & Co. , the twin steam engine in 1870 by Maschinenfabrik Augsburg .
After the purchase by the city of Bad Reichenhall, an additional steam boiler and generator were purchased. The plans for the new boiler of the Augsburg machine works date to December 28, 1898. It was a two-flame heating tube boiler with a heating surface of 200 m². The steam engine with an output of approx. 180 kW drove the new AEG generator from 1900 with a generator voltage of 2.1 kV at a maximum of 85 A at a speed of 450 min −1 . The reason for the purchase was a large number of new customers who were waiting for a power connection. The new system enabled the installation of 800 additional light bulbs, and the old locomobile remained in the power station as a reserve. From this it can be seen that from 1900 electricity was not only generated from hydropower in the E-Werk. From 1907 the steam reserve was expanded because, according to a report by the steam boiler revision association, the old twin steam engine was uneconomical. In 1908, a reaction steam turbine with an output of 220 kW and a generator with 200 kW at a generator voltage of 2.1 kV were installed. The cylinder of the old steam engine was donated by the city to the Deutsches Museum in 1908 and is kept there under inventory number 12632.
E-Werk II
Since further expansion of hydropower was not possible in E-Werk I on Nonner Strasse, the owner at the time, Max Bayer, tried to develop a new source of power for generating electricity.
Hydropower was not only used by the mills at Kirchberger Mühlbach long before the power plant. The city's countless streams along the former western city wall were also used in earlier times to drive mills and forges, in addition to drainage. Today's Innsbrucker Straße, Wittelsbacherstraße, Traunfeldstraße as well as the Triftmeisterweg and the Spitzgrund up to Franz-Josef-Straße roughly correspond to the course of the brooks at that time.
After the E-Werk I was already being planned in 1889, the city negotiated with the saltworks about the purchase of land including hydropower on what is now Innsbrucker Straße. At that time the former buyer's saw , the racing smithy, the hammer forge , the locksmith's shop and the blower house, where the salt works made all the containers for shipping salt, were located there. The connected buildings date from 1775. On April 13, 1892, the city bought the site and the building from the salt works for 31,000 gold marks . In 1893 the city leased the building to Max Bayer, who had the turbine, the alternating current generator and the switchgear installed at his own expense. The city took over the construction costs for buildings and hydraulic engineering . The lease sum at that time was the supply of electricity for 60 light bulbs .
On May 1, 1894, the new E-Werk II was put into operation. The city decided that the building should be labeled Elektrizitätswerk II . In later times the inscription on the building also read STÄDT. LICHTWERK .
Together with E-Werk I, Werk II was purchased by the city on February 3, 1898. Like Factory I, Plant II was rebuilt soon after the purchase.
After the city's electricity generation was stopped by the construction of the Saalach power plant , the building was used as a construction warehouse for several decades and burned down completely on April 9, 1933 after a fire.
The building was located on what will later be Innsbrucker Straße, where there is now a parking lot ( ⊙ ). To the south of it ( ⊙ ) was the administration building of Stadtwerke Bad Reichenhall, which is now in Hallgrafenstraße, until the 1990s.
literature
- Toni Schmidberger: The first AC power plant in Germany . Bad Reichenhall 1984.
- Electrotechnical Journal (ETZ) . (Issues dated May 9, 1890, August 8, 1890 and August 22, 1890).
Web links
Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dipl.-Ing. Karl Ose: 100 years of switching, controlling, protecting - A contribution to the history of low-voltage switching devices in Germany , Klöckner-Moeller Elektrizitäts GmbH, 5300 Bonn 1, Postfach 1880 (Ed.), Autumn 1982
- ↑ Electricity Industry, Vol. 83 (1984), Issue 9/10 v. May 8, 1984, p. 410
- ^ Toni Schmidberger: The first alternating current power plant in Germany. Bad Reichenhall 1984, p. 10.
- ↑ a b Expert opinion 51/1890, concerning the transformer system in Reichenhall , Electrotechnical Test Station Munich, May 1, 1890.