Emirate of Adamaua

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Adamaua Empire around 1890 (top right)

The emirate of Adamaua ( French Adamaoua ) was an African state in the 19th century on the territory of today's states Nigeria , Cameroon and Chad .

designation

The name Adamaua used in European literature , after the first ruler Aadama , has been documented since around 1826. The indigenous name is Fombina (= the south, meaning the south of the Sokoto caliphate).

history

Fulbian cattle nomads settled the area south and west of Lake Chad in an initially peaceful migration process from the 14th century and lived in a symbiosis with the autochthonous Adamawa and Chadian-speaking groups.

The founder of the state in 1810 was the Islamic scholar (Moodibbo) Aadama , who was appointed leader of jihad in the Lake Chad region by Usman dan Fodio , founder of the Sokoto Caliphate in 1809 . Hence, the emir of Adamawa paid tribute to the superior caliph of Sokoto. The capital has been relocated several times. Yola became the capital around 1840 . The territory of the emirate extended to today's state of Adamawa in Nigeria and today's three northern provinces of Cameroon (including the province of Adamaoua ).

From 1893 the north of Adamawa was under the control of the warlord Rabih az-Zubayr , who established a short-lived empire around Lake Chad.

In 1893 Great Britain and Germany signed a border treaty across Adamawa, in 1894 Germany and France signed a border treaty. Actual control of the area was only achieved in the following years. On September 2, 1901, Yola was occupied by British troops of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF) under the command of Colonel Morland. The fugitive Emir Djubayru was born by his brother Bobbo Ahmadu b. Aadama, who recognized British sovereignty. German troops under Rudolf Cramer von Clausbruch occupied the sub-emirates Tibaati and Ngawndere from 1901 to 1902. In January 1902, Hans Dominik defeated the remaining troops of the Emir Djubayru in the battle of Miskin-Maroua , which brought most of Adamaua under German rule.

List of emirs

literature

  • Sa'ad Abubakar: The Lāmībe of Fombina. A political History of Adamawa 1809-1901. Ahmadu Bello University Press, Zaria et al. 1977, ISBN 0-19-575452-2 .
  • Else Barbara Blanckmeister: "Di: n wa dawla". Islam, politics and ethnicity in Hausaland and Adamawa (= series Ethnology & Islam. Vol. 2). Gehling, Emsdetten 1989, ISBN 3-89049-009-3 (also: Münster, Universität, Dissertation, 1986).
  • Theodora Büttner : The socio-economic structure of Adamauas in the 19th century. Leipzig 1965, DNB 481284508 (Leipzig, University, habilitation thesis, from June 11, 1965, typewritten).
  • Hugh AS Johnston: The Fulani Empire of Sokoto. Oxford University Press, London et al. 1967.
  • Eldridge Mohammadou: Peuples et Royaumes du Foumbina (= African Languages ​​and Ethnography. 17, ZDB -ID 197531-6 ). Institute for the Study of Languages ​​and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo 1983.
  • Siegfried Passarge : Adamaua. Report on the expedition of the German Cameroon Committee in 1893/94. Reimer, Berlin 1895, ( digitized version ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Courtlandt Canby: The Encyclopedia of Historic Places. Volume 1. Facts of File, New York NY et al. 1984, ISBN 0-87196-397-3 , p. 7.