Erich Wichmann

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Ernst Michel , Erich Wichmann and HA Sinclair de Rochemont (unknown photographer, unclear copyrights, before 1929)

Erich Wichmann , from 1910 Wichman (born August 11, 1890 in Utrecht , † January 1, 1929 in Amsterdam ) was a Dutch painter, bohemian and fascist journalist.

Life

Erich Wichmann: Landschap. (1912–1913), Centraal Museum Utrecht . Black-and-white illustration in Theo van Doesburg: De Nieuwe Bewegungsing in de Schilderkunst

Wichmann's father was geology professor Arthur Wichmann , who had taught at the University of Utrecht since 1879 ; he came from Hamburg , his wife Johanna Theresa Henriette Zeise from Altona . Erich had an older sister, Clara Wichmann .

Erich Wichmann attended the municipal grammar school in Utrecht, but he adapted poorly and also had school problems between 1903 and 1907 in the German rural educational home Haubinda . He passed the Abitur in 1907 with difficulty at the Hogereburgerschool in Utrecht. The study of chemistry and biology from 1909 at the University of Utrecht saw him more as a dandy outside the lecture halls. In 1911 he switched to studying art history . Herwarth Walden invited him to the First German Autumn Salon in Berlin in 1913 , where he was able to show two pictures: a landscape from the harvest season and a Dutch landscape . Wichmann tried different things, gave up his studies in 1914, moved to Amsterdam in 1915 and married Leni Kampfraath there in 1916, with whom he had three sons and a daughter, and later he had a daughter with Rie Zürcher. Wichmann lived in poverty all his life and only had occasional jobs , so he made designs for the silver goods factory en Begeer in Utrecht. As a visual artist, he made vases and masks. With Theo van Doesburg , Wichman founded the artist group De Andere in 1916 , a predecessor group of De Stijl . He expressed his disgust for the democratization of society in 1921 as a co-founder of the Rapaille Partij , which won two seats in the Amsterdam municipal elections by demanding free alcohol.

Broken pillar . Memorial place for artists on the Amsterdam Zorgvlied . One of the plaques is dedicated to Wichmann.

From 1920 he stayed in Berlin , Vienna and Paris and met the writers Arthur Müller Lehning and Hendrik Marsman . In Milan he sought contact with the futurist Filippo Tommaso Marinetti , who at that time had turned to Benito Mussolini's fascism . From then on, Wichmann shared his fascist views. He earned his living in Milan by working at the Dutch Chamber of Commerce. In 1925 he wrote his fascist pamphlet Het fascisme in Nederland . He exhibited in the Dutch pavilion at the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et industriels modern (Art Deco) in Paris, but still only had third-prize success and lived in Paris as a clochard . He started a film project with the socialist Joris Ivens .

On his return he became a leading figure of fascism in the Netherlands and in 1928 wrote about fifty articles for the weekly De Bezem, fascist weekblad voor Nederland . He took part in street fighting and tried to prevent the showing of the Soviet propaganda film The Mother in Amsterdam. His funeral was a fascist manifestation.

  • Flame (1914)

  • Abstract painting (1919)

  • Caricature by Gerard Bolland (1923)

  • Self-Portrait (1925)

See also

Fonts (selection)

  • FJ Haffmans: Geest, koolzuur en zijk: briefwisseling van Erich Wichman. Westervoort: Van Gruting, 1999.
  • "Delict-Matteotti": "fascist crisis" en wij. Amsterdam: "The Others", 1924.
  • Het witte gevaar. Over melk, melkgebruik, melkmisbruik en melkzucht, een ketterij tegen "de goden dezer eeuw" (1928)

Literature / exhibitions

  • Frans Leidelmeijer; Daan van der Cingel: Art nouveau en art deco in Nederland. Verzamelobjecten uit de vernieuwingen in de kunstnijverheid van 1890 dead 1940. Meulenhoff / Landshoff 1986
  • Frans van Burkom; Hans Mulder; Erich Wichman; Johannes Willem Mulder: Erich Wichman 1890-1929: tussen idealisme en rancune. Centraal Museum Utrecht: Centraal Museum, 1983.
  • Erich Wichman: 1890-1929: Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, 17.12.59-18.1.60. Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum, 1959.
  • HH van Regteren Altena: Erich Wichmann: bohemien en fascist. sn, 1954
  • Gerard Sluyter; Lodewijk Schelfhout ; Erich Wichmann: De modern graphics in Nederland en Vlaanderen. Amsterdam: Nederl. Uitg.-Maatschap, 1928.

Web links

Commons : Erich Wichmann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Theo van Doesburg: De Nieuwe Moving in de Schilderkunst . Delft: J. Waltman, 1917. p. 55
  2. ↑ Archive Archives Johanna Th. H. Wichmann-Zeise at IISH
  3. ↑ Koninklijke Van Kempen & Begeer see Dutch Wikipedia nl: Koninklijke Van Kempen & Begeer
  4. ↑ Rapaille Partij see Dutch Wikipedia nl: Rapaille Partij
  5. ↑ other names: Sociaal-Anarchistische Actie in Nederland, Vrije Socialistische Groep, see Rapaille Partij at historici (nl)
  6. ↑ Hans Schoots: A dynamic duo. Joris Ivens and Erich Wichman (en)
  7. ↑ Erich Wichmann short bio at schrijversinfo (nl)
personal data
SURNAME Wichmann, Erich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wichman, Erich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch painter, bohemian and fascist journalist
DATE OF BIRTH August 11, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH Utrecht
DATE OF DEATH January 1, 1929
Place of death Amsterdam