Erwin Dold

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Erwin Dold (born November 16, 1919 in Wagensteig , today part of Buchenbach , district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald ; † September 11, 2012 ) was a fighter pilot , sergeant in the Air Force and, although not a member of the NSDAP , camp commandant in the Dautmergen concentration camp ( Zollernalb district ).

Life

Erwin Dold was drafted into the air force in 1939 and trained as a fighter pilot. In 1943 he was shot down over the Crimea . As a result of his injuries, he was no longer fit for front duty. After staying in various hospitals, he was transferred to the Freiburg im Breisgau air base. From there he was posted to the Haslach concentration camp in the Kinzig valley and in autumn 1944 was transferred to the Dautmergen concentration camp near Balingen .

The concentration camps in Dautmergen and Schömberg (near Balingen) were from August 1944 to April 1945 as part of the company desert outside command of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp . Oil shale was mined there under inhumane conditions (see Bisingen concentration camp ).

The catastrophic conditions shocked the then 24-year-old; the barracks that stood on a swamp meadow had no floor. The mortality rate, mainly from typhoid and paratyphoid fever, was up to 50 deaths per day. At Dold's instigation, a medical inspection commission came to the camp to check the hygienic and medical situation. As a result, the previous camp commandant was transferred.

On March 7, 1945 Dold became the camp commandant. He was distinguished by his human behavior, procured clothes and food for the inmates - partly on the black market, partly from acquaintances - and ensured an improvement in hygienic conditions. He also refused for a planned interim 5 and 7 April Group execution to name a firing squad of 23 Soviet officers. In the same month the camp was evacuated.

Dold voluntarily surrendered to the French occupation forces and was imprisoned with 24 other defendants. On February 1, 1947, he was the only concentration camp commandant to be acquitted of "proven innocence" before the French military tribunal in Rastatt on the basis of testimony from former prisoners.

On November 8, 2002, Erwin Dold became an honorary citizen of Buchenbach. For a planned film about his life, the shooting of which was planned for the end of 2011 in Schömberg, he gave the director Christian Schumacher tips on how to write the script. However , the film project Heaven and Earth announced for 2012/2013 by the Federal Association of Directors is either suspended or has been discontinued.

Erwin Dold died on September 11, 2012 at the age of 92.

literature

  • Thomas Seiterich-Kreuzkamp: The Erwin Dold case. In: Michael Kißener (ed.): Resistance against the persecution of the Jews. Universitätsverlag Konstanz, Konstanz 1996, ISBN 3-87940-511-5 , pp. 261-283.
  • Edwin Ernst Weber: Victims of injustice: stigmatization, persecution and destruction of opponents by the Nazi tyranny using case studies from Upper Swabia . Thorbecke 2009, ISBN 3-799-51070-2 .

Movie

  • The concentration camp commandant. The unusual story of Erwin Dold , documentary by Manfred Bannenberg, Germany 1991.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Edwin Ernst Weber: Victims of Injustice: Stigmatization, Persecution and Destruction of Opponents by the Nazi Tyranny using case studies from Upper Swabia , p. 199.
  2. ↑ Art. Erwin Dold . In: Monika Rappenecker (ed.): Nazi terror against young people. Persecution, deportation and resistance in the Freiburg region . Verlag regionalkultur, Heidelberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-89735-917-8 , pp. 222–224, here pp. 223–224.
  3. ↑ Rolf & Erwin Redlich: A camp manager shows humanity: concentration camp commandant Erwin Dold ( memento of September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), materials for the documentary film Not all were murderers on SWR
  4. ↑ Buchenbach1 (November 8, 2002). In: freiburg-schwarzwald.de. November 8, 2002, accessed April 15, 2015 .
  5. ↑ Sebastian Speidel: Schömberg: Gérard Depardieu comes to the film shoot. In: schwarzwaelder-bote.de. March 18, 2011, accessed August 21, 2017 .
  6. ↑ Heaven and Earth (2012/13) , Federal Association of Directors
  7. ↑ Heaven and Earth , Focus: Film
  8. ↑ One whom “heaven sent” , Schwarzwälder Bote, September 19, 2012
  9. ↑ Verena Pichler: A life for the community , Badische Zeitung , September 15, 2012
  10. ↑ Manfred Bannenberg: The concentration camp commandant - The unusual story of Erwin Dold. In: WDR television. November 25, 2005, archived from the original on August 7, 2007 ; accessed on June 20, 2019 (original website no longer available).
personal data
SURNAME Dold, Erwin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Luftwaffe sergeant, concentration camp commander
DATE OF BIRTH November 16, 1919
PLACE OF BIRTH Buchenbach
DATE OF DEATH September 11, 2012