European revue

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The European Revue was a conservative German monthly magazine that appeared from 1925 to 1944 and promoted the idea of European unification . From 1933, the magazine came under increasing influence of the German government, which provided essential parts of the funding and converted the magazine into an instrument for "inconspicuous propaganda, especially abroad" in the National Socialist sense.

Editor and sponsor

The initiators of the magazine and the “European Review series” were the Austrian journalist Karl Anton Rohan and the Rhenish industrialist daughter and patron Lilly von Mallinckrodt-Schnitzler . Rohan was also the editor until he gave up this position in late 1936 under Nazi pressure. From 1937 Joachim Moras was editor, between 1938 and 1942 together with the German national manor owner Axel von Freytagh-Loringhoven as chairman of the editorial board.

The magazine found well-known sponsors in the company IG Farben , in the Cologne Otto Wolff Group and in the entrepreneur Robert Bosch .

Self-image

When it was founded, the European Review saw itself as a politically independent body. In the foreword, the publisher Rohan called on “all employees and readers to new, contemporary Europeanism demanded by history ” and explained the task of the magazine: “To clarify and make problems clear, by expressing the opinions of the decisive people, regardless of the nation, party and Juxtaposing world views and thus clarifying the state of the most important European problems; In doing so, it will try to arrange the opposites in such a way that the supranational connection of Europe is expressed. "

The European Revue was the organ of the “European Cultural Association” founded by Rohan in 1922 and was directed from 1933 by the German Foreign Ministry and Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels .

Authors

The magazine gathered a large number of prominent authors, such as B. (alphabetically) Leo Baeck , Arnold Bergstraesser , Hans Blüher , Max Hildebert Boehm , Ernesto Grassi , Albrecht Erich Günther , Wenzeslaus von Gleispach , Theodor Heuss , Hugo von Hofmannsthal , Erich von Kahler , Ernst Kahn, Hans Kohn (historian) , Thomas Mann , Josef Nadler , Erich Przywara , Rainer Maria Rilke , Carl Schmitt , Reinhold Schneider , Werner Sombart , Gustav Stresemann , Jakob Wassermann and Arnold Zweig .

Foreign authors such as Paul Valéry , Winston Churchill , Julius Evola , Aldous Huxley , Herbert George Wells , Arrigo Solmi, José Ortega y Gasset and Carl Gustav Jung could also be won over for the "European Review".

Political orientation

The magazine is counted among the politically conservative magazines of the Weimar Republic . The magazine remained neutral in terms of party politics. Many of their employees came from the environment of the “ young conservatives ”, the “ Young German Order ”, the “ German State Party ”, the “ Ring -” or the “ Tat-Kreis ”. A large number of authors came in particular from the environment of the Heidelberg “Institute for Social and Political Sciences” by Alfred Weber .

The European Revue tended towards a European vision that was influenced by older ideas about the empire and incorporated technocratic, class and hierarchical-neo-aristocratic elements. The Pan -Idee of Coudenhove-Kalergi refused Rohan "as designed, traditionally hostile unmetaphysical and rational" from.

After the seizure of power , after initial reluctance, the publisher Rohan transferred to the National Socialist camp in mid-1933. Hidden from the outside world, the Propaganda Ministry took over an important part of the magazine's funding. Propaganda Minister Goebbels saw the European Review early on as a possible instrument for promoting the National Socialist European idea . Since Rohan warned of the danger of a new world war in his book Fateful Hour of Europe 1936 and, despite his closeness to the National Socialists, expressed some dissenting views, he was removed from his editorial role at the end of 1936; the National Socialists regarded him as “by no means absolutely reliable”.

The European Revue continued to exist until 1944 as a journal that was covertly supported and financed by the Reich government, but also offered authors of inner emigration such as Ulrich von Hassell , Theodor Heuss and Dolf Sternberger a publication opportunity .

literature

  • Hans-Christof Kraus (ed.): Conservative magazines between the empire and dictatorship. Five case studies. Series of studies and texts for the study of conservatism, 4th Duncker & Humblot , Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-428-11037-4
  • Nils Müller: Karl Anton Rohan (1898-1975). Europe as the anti-modern utopia of the conservative revolution . in: Heinz Duchardt (Ed.): Yearbook for European History , Vol. 12. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 2011 ISBN 978-3-486-70638-3 pp. 179–204
  • Guido Müller: European social relations after the First World War. The Franco-German Study Committee and the European Cultural Association . Studies on international history, 15. Oldenbourg, Munich 2005. ISBN 9783486577365
    • dsb .: France and Germany after the Great War. Businessmen, Intellectuals and Artists in Non-Governmental European Networks , in: Jessica CE Gienow-Hecht & Frank Schumacher (eds.): Culture and International History . Berghahn, New York 2003, p. 103 f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Müller 2005, p. 404
  2. ↑ Moras was editor of the Merkur magazine from 1947 to 1961
  3. ↑ Müller 2005, p. 404f.
  4. ↑ http://www.haraldfischerverlag.de/hfv/KLP/eurorevue.php  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.haraldfischerverlag.de  
  5. ↑ an interesting aftereffect of the similarities between AB and Hofmannsthal, who represented a similar line in the paper from 1930-33, can be found in 1951 in a little-known "Kiel University Speech: Hofmannsthal und der Europäische Gedanke," No. 2 of the AB. Verlag Lipsius and Tischer, 24 pp.
  6. ↑ Müller 2011, p. 198
  7. ↑ Müller 2005, p. 405
  8. ↑ especially chap. 3.4 "The ER as an organ of the Europ. Kulturbund 1925-1936" p. 385ff. and chap. 5.3. "The ER, the organ of an elite, young-conservative European community." P. 443ff
  9. ↑ as a grandson he has his estate at his disposal.