Faesulum
Faesulum (sometimes also Faesulae in literature ) is the ancient Latin name of today's Italian city of Fiesole . Founded by the Etruscans and called Vipsul , it came into being in the 3rd century BC. Under Roman influence.
history
The city lies on the back of a hill with steep slopes northeast of Florence . Remnants of settlements in the urban area indicate that a larger Etruscan settlement emerged here from the 8th century BC, but of which little is known. It was one of the northernmost cities of the Etruscans, but it did not belong to their League of Twelve Cities . In the 4th century BC The city received a wall about 2.5 kilometers long. Perhaps it was built in response to the Gauls who then invaded the country , although this is not certain. Polybios reports of a 225 BC BC battle of the Gauls against the Romans near the city. The foundations of a podium temple, which is located on the site of today's Archaeological Zone, date from this time .
In the third century BC The city must have come under Roman control. Hannibal's army camped near the city and began from here in 217 BC. The march to Lake Trasimeno . In the alliance war (91 to 88 BC) the city faced Rome and was defeated by Lucius Porcius Cato in 90 BC. Chr. Destroyed. Sulla judged there in 80 BC A colony of veterans, but the city rebelled in 78 BC. In the year 63 BC The city took part in the Catilinaric conspiracy .
The city experienced its heyday in the Augustan period. The podium temple was probably built after the city was destroyed in 90 BC. BC, perhaps rebuilt under Emperor Augustus . Not far from the temple is the city's theater built into the hillside. The remains of a thermal bath were discovered nearby. The city wall was used in Roman times and partially repaired. It was razed in 1125 when the city was sacked by the Florentines. However, parts of the wall can still be seen today.
Little is known about the city's history in late antiquity . According to legend, the city had a Christian bishop as early as the 1st century . However, bishops have only been proven with certainty since the 5th century. In 406 the battle of Faesulae took place near the city , in which the western Roman troops led by Stilicho defeated the Gothic army of Radagaisus . 539 Belisarius Faesulae besieged for a long time. Procopius , who recorded the events, described the city as impregnable. Eventually she surrendered and Cyprian left a crew there. Numerous Longobard graves , some of them richly furnished, were found in the city.
See also
literature
- Christian Hülsen : Faesulae. In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume VI, 2, Stuttgart 1909, Sp. 1965 f. ( Full text ).
- Piera Bocci Pacini: Faesulae . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
- Michaela Fuchs : Il Teatro romano di Fiesole. Corpus delle sculture (= Studia Archaeologica 40), L'Erma di Bretschneider, Roma 1986, ISBN 88-7062-591-5
- Marco de Marco: The archaeological area of Fiesole: the Etruscan, Roman and medieval Fiesole , Fiesole 2000
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ Polybios, Histories 2, 25, 6.
- ↑ Polybios, Historien 3, 82, 1; Titus Livius , Ab urbe condita 22, 3, 3.
- ↑ Florus , Epitoma de Tito Livio 2, 6, 11.
- ↑ Cicero , In L. Catilinam 3, 14; Sallust , De coniuratione Catilinae 28.
- ↑ Cicero, In L. Catilinam 2, 14 and 3, 14; Sallust, De coniuratione Catilinae 24/27/30/32 ; Appian , Civil Wars 2, 3; Cassius Dio , Roman History 37, 30. 33. 39.
- ^ Orosius , Historiae adversum Paganos 7, 37.
- ^ Prokop, De bello Gothico 2, 23.24 and 2, 27.
- ↑ Otto von Hessen : The Longobard Age grave finds from Fiesole near Florence. Callwey, Munich 1966.
Coordinates: 43 ° 48 ′ 29 ″ N , 11 ° 17 ′ 37.9 ″ E