Telecommunication tower Berlin-Schäferberg

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Telecommunication tower Berlin-Schäferberg
Image of the object
Telecommunication tower 2013
Basic data
Place: Schäferberg in Berlin-Wannsee
Country: Berlin
Country: Germany
Altitude : 103  m above sea level NHN
Coordinates: 52 ° 25 ′ 2.9 ″  N , 13 ° 7 ′ 39.6 ″  E
Use: Telecommunications tower , broadcasting station
Accessibility: Transmission tower not open to the public
Owner : German radio tower
Tower data
Construction time : 1961-1963
Operating time: since 1964
Total height : 212  m
Operating rooms: 101.6  m , 132.44 m
Data on the transmission system
Last modification (antenna) : 2001
Last modification (transmitter) : 29th March 2017
Waveband : Volume II, Volume III, Volume IV + V
Radio : Radio, television
Send types: FM, DAB +, DVB-T2 HD, directional radio , mobile radio ,
Further data
Opening: July 18, 1964
Height of tower shaft : 186.5 m
Diameter tower shaft below: 12 m
Diameter of the tower shaft in 97 m: 6.91 m
Position map
Telecommunication tower Berlin-Schäferberg (Berlin)
Telecommunication tower Berlin-Schäferberg
Telecommunication tower Berlin-Schäferberg
Localization of Berlin in Germany

The telecommunications tower Berlin-Schäferberg is a telecommunications tower inaccessible to the public at 103  m above sea level. NHN high Schäfersberg in the southwest of Berlin (district of Wannsee , Steglitz-Zehlendorf ). With a height of 212 meters, it ranks third on the list of the tallest structures in Berlin after the television tower and the Scholzplatz transmitter . The tower was built on behalf of the Landespostdirektion Berlin by the Essen company Hochtief and put into operation on July 18, 1964. The architect was Hans Gerds, the engineer was Walther Pieckert. Today the building is owned by Deutsche Funkturm (DFMG), a subsidiary of Deutsche Telekom based in Münster .

At the time of commissioning, it was primarily used to implement radio link to West Germany via the GDR area , and two radio transmitters for the 2nd and 3rd television programs ( ZDF and "Nordkette" ) were already installed. Today, in addition to facilities for mobile communications , several transmission systems are installed there for the distribution of public and private radio . These include the radio in analog ( FM on Ultrakurzwelle / Band II ) and digital ( DAB + on band III ) technique as well as the television in the digital standard DVB-T2 HD on Band IV / V .

history

background

To relieve the Nikolassee radio station , a 45 m high freestanding lattice tower (radio station Berlin 3) was built on the Schäferberg near the Wannsee lido in 1959. He carried two parabolic antennas, each 10 m in diameter. The Troposcatter radio relay was tested in the 2 GHz range for the first time. It was sent with 1 kW with a klystron . In the final stage, 360 telephone channels (3 × 120) were available. The opposite station was the directional radio station Torfhaus in the Upper Harz Mountains , 190 kilometers away , where an identical system was located, which was dismantled again in the 1990s. After the parabolic mirrors have been dismantled, the Berlin tower is now primarily used for mobile communications .

construction

On March 17, 1961, the pouring of the concrete began in the 13 meter deep excavation pit with a diameter of 71.6 meters. At the end of October 1962 the shell was finished. At a height of 101.6 meters to 132.44 meters, the tower has six operating floors (No. 28 to 33). The 186.5 meter high tower shaft has an outer diameter of 12 meters at the bottom. At a height of 97 meters, below the operating floors, the diameter is 6.91 meters. The wall thickness is 75 centimeters at the bottom and is reduced to 55 centimeters at the top.

Radio technology

Initially, connections in the 250 MHz range (later switched to 400 MHz) were implemented from the new tower to the radio link station on the Höhbeck ( Gartow 1 mast ), only 135 kilometers away . Square grid structures on the upper tower platforms or the top of the tower served as directional antennas . The (weather-dependent) diffraction effect of radio waves was used with high transmission powers . When fully expanded, 2400 telephone channels (20 × 120) were available. Shortly after reunification, the maintenance-intensive and over 20 year old systems were shut down in 1991.

The two parabolic antennas installed on the Schäferberg telecommunications tower are shown on a stamp from 1971

In late summer 1966, two Cassegrain parabolic antennas, each 18 meters in diameter, were installed on the lower tower shaft 35 and 55 meters above the ground for additional scatter radio links to Torfhaus im Harz . They had a mass of 10 tons each; in addition there was the fastening structure of five tons each. Because of this antenna system weighing a total of 30 tons, which also generated a high additional wind load , the Berlin-Schäferberg telecommunications tower had to be dimensioned for three times greater loads than the Stuttgart television tower of the same height . The area of ​​the tower with all antennas exposed to the wind was 780 m 2 . The directional antennas required a high degree of rigidity. The deflection of the spire was about 20 centimeters in weak winds; the maximum occurred 1.7 meters. At the height of the company floors, it was around 50 cm.

At the same time, a 57 meter high steel lattice tower with two 18 meter parabolic mirrors was built in Torfhaus. The first connections from FMT Schäferberg to Torfhaus went into operation in July 1967. When fully expanded, with a transmitter output power of 1 kW at frequencies around 1.9  GHz, three operating lines with 960 analog telephone channels each (3 × 960 = 2880 channels) were implemented, which also allowed the transmission of two analog television programs (exchange line). The scatter radio devices, which were renewed in 1987, were still in operation until the beginning of 1995. The two large parabolic mirrors on the Schäferberg tower were opened on 11./12. November 1996 dismantled. The steel lattice tower in Torfhaus, whose large parabolic mirrors have also been dismantled, also serves as a carrier for directional radio and cell phone antennas.

DRM test station

For the  2001 radio exhibition , DRM test broadcasts were broadcast in single- frequency operation on the frequency 1485 kHz in the medium-wave range from the Schäferberg telecommunications tower, the Berlin-Frohnau radio relay system and in Rüdersdorf . For this purpose, separate long-wire antennas were installed at the three locations .

Frequencies and Programs

Analog radio (FM)

The private broadcaster BB Radio used its frequency 107.5 MHz, which was coordinated for the Berlin television tower Alex , with a permitted 100 kW, alternatively from the Berlin-Schäferberg telecommunications tower with only 13 kW, until December 12, 2016 ; 40 kW.

In the case of directed radiation, the main radiation directions are given in degrees in the antenna diagram.

Frequency  
(MHz) 		program RDS PS RDS PI Regionalization ERP  
(kW) 		Antenna pattern
round (ND) / directional (D) 		Polarization
horizontal (H) / vertical (V)
89.2 89.2 Radio Potsdam POTSDAM_ 103B - 0.5 D (240 ° -290 °) H
90.7 88four 88four 1A2A - 0.1 D (70 ° -110 °) H
94.8 BBC World Service BBCWorld D02E - 4th D (0 ° -100 °, 160 ° -240 °) H

Digital television (DVB-T2)

Regular operation of DVB-T2 HD began on March 29, 2017. Since then, the programs of ARD ( rbb -Mux), ZDF and the commercial offer from freenet TV ( encoded in Irdeto ) have been broadcasting in the DVB-T2 standard using the HEVC video coding process and in Full HD resolution. The DVB-T2 HD -Ausstrahlungen from the transmitter Berlin-Schäferberg are simulcast (Single Frequency Network) with other transmitter sites.

All channels shown in italics are encrypted and can only be received via the DVB-T2 HD platform freenet TV .

channel Frequency (  
MHz) 		Multiplex Programs in multiplex ERP  
(kW) 		Antenna pattern
/ round (ND)
directed (D) 		Polarization
horizontal (H) /
vertical (V) 		Modulation method FEC Guard interval Bit rate  
(Mbit / s) 		Single frequency network (SFN)
25th 506 rbb 1 (ARD) 50 ND H 64-QAM 3/5 19/256 23.6 Berlin-Wannsee (Schäferberg) , Berlin TV tower Alex , Berlin-Charlottenburg (Scholzplatz) , Frankfurt / Oder (Boossen)
40 626 rbb 2 (ARD) 50 ND H 64-QAM 3/5 19/256 23.6 Berlin-Wannsee (Schäferberg) , Berlin TV tower Alex , Berlin-Charlottenburg (Scholzplatz) , Frankfurt / Oder (Boossen)
33 570 Substream 0:

ZDF

( ZDFmobil )

Substream 1: MEDIA BROADCAST

Substream 0:

Substream 1:

50 ND H 64-QAM 3/5 19/128 22nd Berlin-Wannsee (Schäferberg) , Berlin TV tower Alex , Frankfurt / Oder (Boossen)
27 522 MEDIA BROADCAST

( RTL Group )

50 ND H 64-QAM 2/3 1/16 27.6 Berlin-Wannsee (Schäferberg) , Berlin TV tower Alex , Berlin-Charlottenburg (Scholzplatz)
31 554 MEDIA BROADCAST

( ProSiebenSat.1 Media )

50 ND H 64-QAM 2/3 1/16 27.6 Berlin-Wannsee (Schäferberg) , Berlin TV tower Alex , Berlin-Charlottenburg (Scholzplatz)
42 642 MEDIA BROADCAST Substream 0:

Substream 1:

  • freenet.TV info
  • ssu (System Software Update service)
 50 ND H 64-QAM 2/3 1/16 27.6 Berlin-Wannsee (Schäferberg) , Berlin TV tower Alex , Berlin-Charlottenburg (Scholzplatz)

Digital television (DVB-T)

The DVB-T broadcasts from Fernmeldeturm Berlin ended essentially on March 29, 2017. They ran in single-frequency operation (Single Frequency Network) with other transmitter sites. In Germany, this network was the first of its kind when it gradually started in 2003. Transitionally, the programs 1-2-3.tv and Juwelo TV / Spreekanal (both previously K59 / 778 MHz) are currently still in DVB on K47 / 682 MHz -T mode emitted.

channel Frequency (  
MHz) 		Multiplex Programs in multiplex ERP  
(kW) 		Antenna pattern
/ round (ND)
directed (D) 		Polarization
horizontal (H) /
vertical (V) 		Modulation method FEC Guard interval Bit rate  
(Mbit / s) 		Single frequency network (SFN)
25th 506 RTL Group Berlin 50 ND H 16 QAM 
(8 k mode) 		2/3 1/8 14.75 Berlin-Wannsee (Schäferberg) , Berlin TV tower Alex
27 522 ARD Digital (rbb) 50 ND H 16- QAM 
( 8k mode) 		2/3 1/8 14.75 Berlin-Wannsee (Schäferberg) , Berlin TV tower Alex , Berlin-Charlottenburg (Scholzplatz)
33 570 ZDFmobil 50 ND H 16 QAM 
(8 k mode) 		2/3 1/4 13.27 Berlin-Wannsee (Schäferberg) , Berlin TV tower Alex, Frankfurt / Oder (Boossen)
39 618 Mixed Berlin 4 50 ND H 64-QAM 2/3 1/8 22.12 Berlin-Wannsee (Schäferberg) , Berlin TV tower Alex
44 658 ProSiebenSat.1 Media Berlin 50 ND H 16 QAM 
(8 k mode) 		2/3 1/8 14.75 Berlin-Wannsee (Schäferberg) , Berlin TV tower Alex
47 682 ARD regional (rbb) Berlin 50 ND H 16 QAM
(8 k mode) 		2/3 1/8 14.75 Berlin-Wannsee (Schäferberg) , Berlin TV tower Alex, Berlin-Charlottenburg (Scholzplatz)
50 706 Mixed Berlin 1 50 ND H 16 QAM
(8 k mode) 		2/3 1/8 14.75 Berlin-Wannsee (Schäferberg) , Berlin TV tower Alex
56 754 Mixed Berlin 2 20th ND H 16 QAM 
(8 k mode) 		2/3 1/8 14.75 Berlin-Wannsee (Schäferberg) , Berlin TV tower Alex
59 778 Mixed Berlin 3 5 ND H 16 QAM 
(8 k mode) 		2/3 1/8 14.75 Berlin-Wannsee (Schäferberg) , Berlin TV tower Alex

Analog television

Until the switch to DVB-T, the Schäferberg broadcast the following programs in analogue PAL:

channel Frequency  
(MHz) 		program ERP
(kW) 		Transmission diagram
round (ND) /
directional (D) 		Polarization
horizontal (H) /
vertical (V)
22nd 479.25 Television from Berlin (FAB) 25th D. H
25th 503.25 Sat 1 125 D. H
29 535.25 VOX 14.1 D. H
33 567.25 ZDF 330 ND H
39 615.25 SFB1 200 ND H
47 679.25 RTL II 100 D. H
56 751.25 RTL 100 D. H

gallery

  • The telecommunications tower as seen from the north

  • The telecommunications tower as seen from the Große Steinlanke

  • Tower cage of the Schäferberg telecommunications tower

  • Berlin special stamp from 1965

See also

Web links

Commons : Telecommunication Tower Berlin-Schäferberg  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Peter Müller: Symbol with a view. The East Berlin TV tower . 2nd edition Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-345-00761-4 , p. 69