Fevzi Çakmak

Fevzi Çakmak

Çakmak at Ataturk's side

Mustafa Fevzi Pascha (since the Family Name Act of 1934: Çakmak; * 1876 in Istanbul , † April 10, 1950 ibid) was Field Marshal and Chief of Staff of the Turkish Army .

Life

Military career

He left the War Academy in 1895 as a lieutenant. During the First World War he served as a general in various positions. Towards the end of the war he was appointed chief of staff . He later carried out the war of liberation in various positions and was appointed field marshal because of his services in the last battle (August 31, 1922). For twenty years he served as chief of staff of the new Turkish state and held this post until almost the end of World War II in 1944.

Fevzi Çakmak fought against the Serbs and Albanians in the Balkans , against the Italians, in the Battle of Gallipoli , in Syria and Palestine against the Allies, on the Caucasus Front against the Russians and later in Anatolia in the Greco-Turkish War against the Greeks. When he joined Mustafa Kemal Ataturk , he was sentenced to death by the Ottoman government in 1920 . His promotions under Mustafa Kemal's aegis were due to military acts and not political reasons.

politics

Unlike Kemal Ataturk, who resigned from his military offices and posts immediately after the end of the war and became a politician, Çakmak remained a soldier until 1924 even after his election as a member of the Turkish parliament from Istanbul .

After his retirement on January 12, 1944 and the transition to the multi-party system , Çakmak founded Millet Partisi together with several others in 1948 . Before that he was a member of the Democrat Parti .

He died in 1950 and was buried in the cemetery of the Eyup Sultan Mosque in Istanbul.

Orders and decorations

• Mecidiye Order V Class on August 22, 1900
• Iron Crescent on October 2, 1915
• Iron Cross 2nd class on December 26, 1915
• Gold Liakat Medal on January 17, 1916
• İmtiyaz Nişanı in gold on November 11, 1916
• Austrian Military Merit Cross 2nd Class on April 3, 1917
• Osmanje Order I class with sabers on January 7, 1918
• Order of the Württemberg Crown on June 19, 1918
• İstiklâl Madalyası on the red-green ribbon on November 21, 1923

literature

• Fevzi Tschakmak , in: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 16/1950 of April 10, 1950, in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely available)

Web links

Commons : Fevzi Çakmak  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Newspaper article about Fevzi Çakmak in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .