Fluphenazine
Structural formula | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Non-proprietary name | Fluphenazine | |||||||||||||||||||||
other names |
4- [3- (2-trifluoromethylphenothiazin-10-yl) propyl] -1-piperazineethanol |
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Molecular formula |
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Brief description |
white solid (dihydrochloride) |
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Drug information | ||||||||||||||||||||||
ATC code | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Physical state |
firmly |
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Melting point |
235–237 ° C or 224.5–226 ° C (fluphenazine dihydrochloride) |
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boiling point |
269-274 ° C (66.5 Pa) |
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pK s value |
8.05 |
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safety instructions | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Toxicological data | ||||||||||||||||||||||
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Fluphenazine is a drug from the phenothiazine group that is used as a neuroleptic . It was the active ingredient in the first depot neuroleptic, which was introduced in the United States in 1967 as Prolixin .
Clinical information
Application areas (indications)
Fluphenazine is a neuroleptic that is commercially available for oral and parenteral administration. It is used:
- as a long-term therapeutic agent for symptom suppression in chronic schizophrenic psychoses and for relapse prophylaxis in phasic schizophrenic psychoses
- in acute psychotic syndromes with delusions , hallucinations, thought disorders , thought experience and ego disorders
- at catatonic schizophrenia
- in chronic endogenous psychoses (symptom suppression and relapse prophylaxis)
- for the therapy of psychomotor agitation
Other Information
Chemical and pharmaceutical information
Fluphenazine is produced in a multi-step synthesis starting from 1- (3-hydroxypropyl) piperazine. The active ingredient is used as a dihydrochloride .
history
Fluphenazine was first patented by Squibb in 1956 ; In 1961 it was introduced in the FRG in tablet form under the trade names Omca and Lyogen. In 1968 the ester of fluphenazine with decanoic acid was brought onto the market under the trade name Dapotum D as the first depot neuroleptic . Fluphenazine is now commercially available as a generic .
doping
Fluphenazine is used in veterinary medicine as a sedative, in addition to the preparation for anesthesia z. B. to rest animals during transport. The use of fluphenazine to calm horses in dressage competitions is, however, prohibited as doping .
Side effects
The undesirable side effects include the so-called extrapyramidal syndrome , which has strong similarities to motor changes that occur in Parkinson's disease , such as muscle stiffness , tremors , slow motor skills and restlessness. Some of these symptoms resolve after stopping the drug. However, persistent and sometimes permanent motor disorders can also occur. As with other neuroleptics, other undesirable effects relate to anticholinergic effects.
Trade names
Lyogen (D) and a generic (D)
See also
literature
- Florian Holsboer; Gerhard founder; Otto Benkert: Manual of psychopharmacotherapy: with 155 tables . Springer, Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-540-20475-6
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c data sheet Fluphenazine dihydrochloride from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on April 2, 2011 ( PDF ).
- ^ The Merck Index . An Encyclopaedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. 14th edition, 2006, pp. 716-717, ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1 .
- ↑ a b c d e Entry on Fluphenazine. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on July 2, 2019.
- ↑ Entry on fluphenazine in the ChemIDplus database of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) .
- ^ Axel Kleemann , Jürgen Engel, Bernd Kutscher and Dieter Reichert: Pharmaceutical Substances , 4th edition (2000) 2 volumes published by Thieme-Verlag Stuttgart, ISBN 978-1-58890-031-9 ; online since 2003 with biannual additions and updates.
- ↑ Mutschler, drug effects, 9th edition, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft Stuttgart, 2008 ISBN 978-3-8047-1952-1
- ↑ epsy.de: Psychopharmaka Zeittafel .
- ^ Robert M. Julien: Drugs and Psychotropic Drugs. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 1997, ISBN 3-8274-0044-9 . P. 292.
- ↑ Torsten Kratz, Albert Diefenbacher: Psychopharmacotherapy in old age. Avoidance of drug interactions and polypharmacy. In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt. Volume 116, Issue 29 f. (July 22) 2019, pp. 508-517, p. 511.