Fort Qu'Appelle
| Fort Qu'Appelle | |||
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| Nickname : the Fort | |||
.jpg) Aerial view of Fort Qu'Appelle |
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| Location in Saskatchewan | |||
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| State : |
 Canada
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| Province : | Saskatchewan | ||
| Rural municipality: | 187 | ||
| Coordinates : | 50 ° 46 ′ N , 103 ° 47 ′ W | ||
| Height : | 485.5 m | ||
| Area : | 5.28 km² | ||
| Residents : | 2027 (as of 2016) | ||
| Population density : | 383.9 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Time zone : | Central Time ( UTC − 6 ) | ||
| Postal code : | S0G 1S0 | ||
| Area code : | +1 306 | ||
| Foundation : | 1864 | ||
| Mayor : | Jerry Whiting | ||
| Website : | www.fortquappelle.com | ||
Fort Qu'Appelle is a city in the south of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It is located about 70 km northeast of the provincial capital Regina and is located between Echo and Mission Lakes in the Qu'Appelle Valley , it is occasionally confused with the nearby town of Qu'Appelle . The place was established as a trading post for the Hudson's Bay Company in 1864. Fort Qu'Appelle has almost 2000 inhabitants. The Hudson's Bay Company store built in 1897, the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway station built in 1911, Fort San , a sanatorium and the Treaty 4 Governance Center are all defining features of the cityscape.
Demographics
The following shows the population development according to the census that takes place every five years:
| year | 1996 | 2001 | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| population | 1997 | 1940 | 1919 | 2034 | 1920 |
| source |
Origins and Early History
Before Fort Qu'Appelle was founded, there were already two forts with this name. The first was a North West Company trading post , which existed from 1801 to 1805, located in a valley on the Manitoba- Saskatchewan border . The Hudson's Bay Company had a post of the same name north of Whitewood (about 174 km east of Regina) between 1813 and 1819 . The name "Qu'Appelle" comes from the French for 'who calls' and is based on the name that the Cree already used, kah-tep-was ('the river that calls'). There are different versions of where this name comes from, the most popular version is based on a legend of two unhappy lovers.
From 1852 to 1854 there was a fur trading post of the Hudson's Bay Company on the outskirts of what is now town. The post was revived in 1864 and lasted until 1911. An Anglican mission, whose church "St. John the Evangelist" still exists today, was founded in 1886.
After signing a contract with the tribes of the Cree and Salteaux, a post of the North-West Mounted Police, today's Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), was established, which still exists today.
A major change in Fort Qu'Appelle began when the first farms were established in the 1880s. The farmers needed a center nearby to sell their grain and other products, as well as to buy machinery and equipment. Schools and churches were built in which social life developed. A decline in agriculture was observed over time, which intensified in the 1970s; numerous farmers moved to the city to spend their old age there.
The city is directly adjacent to the original Hudson's Bay Company trading post, which has been preserved as a historic site and now houses a museum. The HBC trading post was built in 1864, when the company's activities were largely limited to the fur trade with indigenous people. The building was added to the "Canada Historic Places" register in 1953 due to its importance at the time.
After the settlement by European farmers in the 1880s, a post office was established. The HBC built a shop on Broadway Street in 1897 and replaced the original trading post, it remained in the possession of the HBC, but was no longer used. The fur trade decreased, but more and more farmers came to town to shop.
Regarding the city name, there was a rivalry between today's city and the formerly important regional center that bears the name Qu'Appelle . The matter was resolved in 1911 by naming the then CPR station as Qu'Appelle and the town in the valley as Fort Qu'Appelle.
A number of trading posts in the Qu'Appelle Valley were called Fort Qu'Appelle. In the vicinity of Fort Espérance, both the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company had temporary trading posts, all of which were called Fort Qu'Appelle. (The Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company merged in 1821.) From 1855 to 1864, the Hudson's Bay Company had a Fort Qu'Appelle just south of McLean . It was an outpost of Fort Ellice and mostly pemmican was traded there. In 1864 it was moved to the current location of Fort Qu'Appelle.
In 1883 three boarding schools for First Nations youth were established; one on the south side of Mission Lake across from Lebret, which is on the north side of the lake, and one each in Battleford and High River.
development
The city's growth, not based on its trading post status for the Hudson's Bay Company, first took place in the 1880s and 1890s. European settlers came to the region, the first peak was in 1880 when a post office was also opened. Although the headquarters of the North-West Mounted Police, the predecessor of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), was established in Regina after it was made the capital of the North-West Territories in 1882, the police station remained at the western end of the town of Fort Qu 'Appeals important for the whole region. The importance of the guard continued to grow during the Great Depression and World War II .
The city's older buildings and offices along with the Anglican and Uniate (formerly Presbyterian) churches are typical of the late 19th century British Empire. In 1913 a fish farm was built and in 1917 the tuberculosis sanatorium (Fort San) opened.
The trading business grew, as they served not only to supply the city population, but also for the residents of the surrounding area. The hotel had a busy pub with a always full parking lot in front of it. There was a drive-in theater on the outskirts of town on Highway 35 , but it was closed again in the 1960s due to the increasing use of televisions.
With the general decline in the rural population in Saskatchewan after World War II, the city continued to grow, benefiting from rural exodus. In addition, numerous holiday homes were built to serve as a recreational opportunity for the residents of Regina. Fort Qu'Appelle was popular as a place to relax due to the landscape and a good starting point for many leisure activities.
That development was accelerated in the early 1960s when Highway 35 reached Fort Qu'Appelle. It branched off the Trans-Canada Highway in the town of Qu'Appelle . The older highway was supplemented by the construction of Highway 10 , which branched off from the Trans-Canada Highway in Balgonie and offered a direct route into the valley.
The city itself is now a shopping, service and administrative center that serves the surrounding communities, neighboring holiday villages, weekend guests and summer vacationers. Many traditional lake summer houses are used all year round, as winter sports are gaining in importance.
Historical and current medical facilities
Dr. Maurice Macdonald Seymour, was a physician and early public health commissioner for the Northwest Territories . He founded the anti-tuberculosis league that built the sanatorium at Fort Qu'Appelle.
The tuberculosis sanatorium was run by the provincial government and opened in 1917 under the direction of Dr. RG Ferguson in nearby Fort San. When tuberculosis was largely defeated, the clinic was converted into an arts center.
The former Fort Qu'Appelle Indian Hospital was replaced by the All Nations Healing Hospital in 2004. The hospital is the first in Canada to be established and operated by the First Nations.
education
The city has a high school, Bert Fox Community High School, and an elementary school, Fort Qu'Appelle Elementary Community School. The former central school, built in 1911, has been converted into the Qu'Appelle Valley arts center. Parklands College is located in the Treaty 4 Governance Center. School operations in Fort Qu'Appelle expanded immediately after the end of the 1962–63 school year. Nearby rural schools that had students from kindergarten through 12th grade were closed and students were then driven to school in Fort Qu'Appelle. In the decades that followed, the number of students in rural areas fell sharply as the rural population fell.
Between 1967 and 1991, Fort San's closed tuberculosis sanatorium hosted the Saskatchewan Summer School of Arts with dance, music, visual arts, writing, and theater. This drew a large number of visitors to Fort San, but they also visited Fort Qu'Appelle and Lebret, in whose Roman Catholic church liturgical music was performed. However, the School of Arts was closed because funding was cut by the provincial government.
Churches
_Church_pre-World_War_I.jpg)
Churches with long histories by local standards include the Roman Catholic Church of Lebret, the Sacred Heart Church, the Anglican Church of St. John the Evangelist, which dates back to the Church of England's first mission in 1854, and St. Andrew's United Church (Presbyterian until mid-1925). As in many other parishes, church attendance has decreased significantly in all traditional denominations.
The historical church buildings are supplemented by the Roman Catholic Church "Our Lady of Sorrows" and the "Our Savior Church", a church of the Evangelical Lutheran Confession. In addition, Jehovah's Witnesses have a Kingdom Hall.
Weather and climate
The climate in Fort Qu'Appelle has a semi-arid , highland climate with dry winters and cool summers, according to Köppen it is classified as BSk . The winters can be uncomfortably cold, but warm and dry chinook winds also blow from the Pacific into the city and provide warmth in the winter months, as they can raise the temperature to 15 ° C within hours.
In Fort Qu'Appelle there are temperatures of extremes, they fluctuate between the record temperature of −47.2 ° C in January 2016 and a maximum of 44.4 ° C in July 1937. The nearest official weather stations are in Qu'Appelle and Lipton .
Due to the relative dryness in Fort Qu'Appelle, the summer evenings can be very cool, the minimum temperatures can drop to 10 ° C, the climate in Fort Qu'Apelle is comparable to other cities in the Great Plains and Canadian Prairies . Droughts are not uncommon; an average of 455.4 mm of precipitation falls per year, 113 mm of which is snow.
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Fort Qu'Appelle
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traffic
Fort Qu'Appelle was originally connected to the rail network of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway , which later became part of the Canadian National Railway . However, many routes were closed after 1945, so that in 1978 passenger traffic to Fort Qu'Appelle was also given up.
Highways 10 , 22 , 35 and 56 meet in Fort Qu'Appelle .
Sports
Mission Ridge Ski Hill, which is located south of the city at Treaty 4 Grounds, is open in winter and is visited by skiers from the region and the surrounding area all the way to Regina. A country / rock music festival is held there in summer.
In 2007 Fort Qu'Appelle hosted the Keystone Cup, a youth ice hockey championship for western Canada.
Hockey: The Fort Qu'Appelle Senior C team won the Jack Abbott Memorial Trophy in 1957, and the Fort Qu'Appelle Flyers women's team won the provincial championship in 2004. In 2004 and 2005 the Falcons Midge A Team won the Harold Jones Cup.
Glen Burdon, who played in various teams in the National Hockey League and the World Hockey Association, started his career in the 1970-71 season with the Fort Qu'Appelle Silver Foxes
The Fort Qu'Appelle Curling Club was founded in 1894. The Fort Qu'Appelle Sioux Indians team play in the Southern Baseball League.
Tourism and recreation
Fort Qu'Appelle and the nearby Qu'Appelle valley offered recreational opportunities from the beginning, tourists came both in summer and in winter, this was already reported in the period before the First World War. The lake provides opportunities for swimming, boating, and other water activities. The lake is also used for tourism in winter, there is the opportunity to go cross-country skiing, rent snowmobiles or even ice fishing. The Echo Valley Provincial Park is located between the Echo Lake and Pasqua Lake. There is a campsite there that offers various water activities. The most famous tourist event is the "Treaty 4 Gathering". It is reminiscent of the signing of a contract with the Native Indians. The event takes place in September, numerous Powwows are held this week.
In winter there is the possibility of winter sports, the Mission Ridge Ski Hill also attracts visitors from Regina .
Personalities
- Eddie Shore : ice hockey player
- Buffy Sainte-Marie : musician and activist
- James Henderson: artist
- Walter Dieter ( Peepeekisis First Nation ): Indian tribal leader
- Noel Starblanket ( Starblanket First Nation ): Indian tribal leader
media
- There is a local weekly newspaper, the Fort Qu'Appelle Times , which has been in existence since 2014.
- The television programs of the CBC , Global and CTV are broadcast via a local amplifier .
Film and television productions
- The film in the middle and fully involved was shot in Fort Qu'Appelle and the surrounding area as well as in Regina.
- The CBC film Betrayed was shot in Fort Qu'Appelle and the old hospital there.
- The television series Life Without Borders was produced and filmed here.
Individual evidence
- ↑ 1996 census
- ↑ 2001 census
- ↑ 2006 census
- ↑ 2011 census
- ↑ 2016 census
- ^ The American magazine , Volume 22. Crowell-Collier Pub. co., 1886, pp. 525-526.
- ^ William Leggo: Treaty of Qu'Appelle - No. 4 in September 1874 - "Who Calls" - Indian Tradition - Account of proceedings at Fort Qu'Appelle . In: The history of the administration of the Right Honorable Frederick Temple, Earl of Dufferin ... late Governor General of Canada . Lovell print. & Pub. Co., 1878: "The Council at Fort Qu'Appelle, a Hudson Bay trading post, at the junction of the Qu'Appelle and Assiniboine, was composed of representatives of the Plain Crees and Salteaux nations."
- ^ Fort Qu'Appelle National Historic Site of Canada. Parks Canada, accessed February 14, 2018 .
- ↑ Elizabeth Brown Losey. "Let Them be Remembered: The Story of the Fur Trade Forts", 1999, pages 659-667
- ↑ Maurice Macdonald Seymour (1857-?) . Manitoba Historical Society. 2002-2009. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
- ↑ Qu'Appelle - Stories From the San ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Archdiocese of Regina: a history (digitized online by Our Roots / Nos Racines), Archdiocese of Regina ,, Regina, Saskatchewan 1988, pp. 261-262. Archived from the original on October 26, 2007 Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Retrieved March 10, 2012): "Fort Qu'Appelle was built about 1852 by the Hudson's Bay company as an outpost of Fort Ellice ... On August 27, 1864 Bishop Tache of St. Boniface celebrated the first mass in Fort Qu ' Appelle, ministerd to the Catholics at the post .... the bishop returned to Fort Qu'Appelle in October 1865 and chose a site for a Catholic mission four miles east of Fort Au'Appelle. The following year Rev. Norbert Ritchot came to build a house-chapel and administer the sacraments. "
- ^ Daily Data Report for January 1916 . In: Canadian Climate Data . Environment Canada. September 22, 2015. Accessed February 13, 2018.
- ^ Daily Data Report for July 1937 . In: Canadian Climate Data . Environment Canada. September 22, 2015. Accessed February 13, 2018.
- ↑ Qu'Appelle 1 . In: Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 . Environment Canada. January 15, 2018. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
- ^ Lipton . In: Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 . Environment Canada. September 22, 2015. Accessed January 15, 2018.
- ↑ Glen William Burdon. In: Legends of Hockey. Hockey Hall of Fame and Museum, accessed January 18, 2018 .
- ^ William P Argan: Fort Qu'Appelle Goes It Alone . In: Saskatchewan curling: heartland tradition . Saskatchewan Curling Association, Regina, Saskatchewan 1991.
- ↑ Qu'Appelle valley is a big attraction for visitors . In: The Leader-Post . Google News Archive Search. June 23, 1959. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
- ^ Echo Valley Provincial Park. Government of Saskatchewan: Tourism Saskatchewan, accessed February 12, 2018 .
- ↑ Michael T. Clancy, Anna Clancy: A User's Guide to Saskatchewan Parks . Ed .: University of Regina. Canadian Plains Research Center. 5 of Discover Saskatchewan Series, 2006, ISBN 978-0-88977-198-7 ( google.com [accessed February 13, 2018]).
- ↑ Information on Treaty 4
- ^ Shore's Latest Holdout Ends. NHL maximum of% $ 7,000 announced as his salary for 1938-9 season: No penalty for missing first four games (digitized online at Google News) Windsor Daily Star. November 16, 1938. Retrieved July 3, 2012.
- ^ Eddie Shore Recovering From Illness . In: Ottawa Citizen . Google News Archive Search. October 5, 1960. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
- ↑ Canadian Art Receives Impetus with Opening of Ottawa exhibition - Landscapes by James Henderson of fort Qu'Appelle and G. Kenderdine, are worthy of note, other westerners contribute (digitized online at Google News) In: Canadian Press . Saskatoon Star Phoenix. January 29, 1931. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
Web links
- Community website - History of Fort Qu'Appelle