Peace of Aachen (812)
The Peace of Aachen was concluded on January 12, 812 between Michael I, Emperor of Byzantium and Charlemagne .
As a result of Charlemagne's coronation, which was not recognized by Byzantium, in 800, the differences between the Frankish Empire and the Eastern Empire had intensified. From 806 these led to an open war, in the course of which Charlemagne installed a Pannonian Obotrite as a vassal over Dalmatia and committed it to military success. This marked the birth of the Croatian Principality, which was united under Borna (legati Abodritorum ac Bornae ducis Guduscanorum et Timocianorum). Venice, which belongs to Byzantium , was conquered in 810 by Pippin , Charles' son and his sub-king for Italy. Istria and Liburnia were conquered by Pippin in 791 .
Because of severe defeats against the Bulgarians, Nikephorus I began peace negotiations and concluded the pax nicephori in 803 , in which the office of Archon of Dalmatia in Diadora (islands of Celladussa) was installed. He was thus the official representative of Eastern Europe in Dalmatia. However, since Nikephorus I died in the war with the Bulgarians in 811, this led to another contract under Michael I.
In the peace made in 812, Charles officially returned Venetia and thus Venice , Dalmatia and Istria to Byzantium. In fact, Byzantium was not able to really defend Dalmatia against the expanding Bulgarians, so that the related princes of Dalmatia made military successes for the Franks.
Angelo Partecipazio , who is considered to be the first real Doge , was used as the Dux of Veneto and thus representative of Byzantium .
In addition, Michael I granted Charlemagne the title of Imperator (or Greek Basileus), but not the title of Imperator Romanorum (Greek Basileus Rhomaion). Karl chose Romanum gubernans imperium (Latin: "ruling the Roman Empire") as the description . This means the de facto recognition of the Frankish empire by Ostrom and a defusing of the two emperor problem . However, the recognition as emperor was tied to the person of Charles.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Aachenski mir ( Croatian ) Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža . Retrieved March 3, 2020 ..
- ↑ Supplementary chapter on Little Italian History in the Reclam Verlag ( Memento from April 12, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ August Nitschke: Early Christian empires . In: Propylaea world history. Vol. 5. Frankfurt, 1991, p. 302.