Friedrich Kraus (doctor)
Friedrich Kraus (born May 31, 1858 in Tetschen , Bohemia ; † March 1, 1936 in Berlin ) was an Austrian doctor , internist and pathologist .
Life
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Friedrich Kraus studied at the German University of Prague , received his doctorate in 1882 and entered the medical clinic there, which was headed by Otto Kahler (1849-1893). When Kahler left Prague in 1889 to succeed Heinrich von Bamberger as professor for special pathology at the University of Vienna and head of the medical clinic, Kraus followed him as assistant. In 1890 Kahler fell ill with tongue cancer, Kraus took over his lectures and was able to do his habilitation in the same year.
One of his most important publications during this time is the essay, written together with Franz Chvostek (junior), "On the respiratory gas exchange during a fever attack after injection of Koch's fluid" (Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 1891, 4 (6): 104-107; 4 (7): 127-130).
After an associate's position and management of the Rudolph Hospital in Vienna, he was appointed full professor in Graz in 1894 . During his activity there, Kraus was also active in public health care: as the third head of the Graz Medical Clinic, he contributed - together with his assistant Theodor Pfeifer (1867–1916) - to the care of tuberculous patients . At his suggestion, the Styrian tuberculosis sanatorium (including the Stolzalpe ) was set up and a tuberculosis welfare service set up.
On June 21, 1902, Kraus succeeded the clinician Carl Gerhardt (1833–1902) as director of the second medical clinic at the Charité in Berlin. His inaugural lecture on November 14, 1902 was entitled "On the Value of Functional Diagnostics".
Theodor Brugsch (1878–1963) and Rahel Hirsch (1870–1953) were among his assistants .
Kraus published the bilingual German-Russian medical journal / Russko-nemeckij medicinskij žurnal (1925-1928) together with the People's Commissar for Health Care of the Soviet Union Nikolai Alexandrowitsch Semaschko (1874-1949) .
From 1927 to 1931 Kraus was chairman of the Berlin Society for Empirical Philosophy , a counterpart to the Vienna Ernst Mach Association . In 1932 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina .
For 1929 Kraus was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine .
At the time of Kraus 'retirement in 1927, Brugsch recorded 67 original papers, 19 books and 1,312 papers by his academic staff and refers to around 2,000 dissertations that had been written during the time of Kraus' directorate. After significant achievements in the field of electrocardiography - Kraus is regarded as a pioneer of modern cardiovascular diagnostics - Kraus' later work on colloid chemistry, which led him to the basics of biology, was of great potential importance for a functional consideration of life processes. His magnum opus appeared in 1926: General and Special Pathology of the Person. Clinical Syzygiologie [theory of context] . In this he differentiates between “cortical person” and “deep person”. The latter are his studies, in which the “vegetative flow” of electrolytic fluids plays the central role.
Kraus' research, which was substantially supported and supplemented by the work of his colleague Samuel G. Zondek ( Die Elektrolyte , 1927), was not refuted or recognized as irrelevant in the 1930s, but was downright forgotten (in the boom of the new molecular biology).
There was only one physician - already controversial at the time - who like Kraus went “all the way” and built on his concept of the “vegetative current”: Wilhelm Reich in his further development of (psychological) psychoanalysis into (psychosomatic) vegetotherapy .
Individual evidence
literature
- Manfred Stürzbecher : Kraus, Friedrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-428-00193-1 , p. 685 ( digitized version ).
- Koerting: Kraus Friedrich. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 4, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1969, p. 226 f. (Direct links on p. 226 , p. 227 ).
- Kurt Brandenburg: [On his 70th birthday]. In: Medical Clinic. June 1, 1928.
- Gustav von Bergmann: [For his 70th birthday]. In: German Medical Weekly. May 25, 1928.
- Wilhelm Reich: Psychological contact and vegetative flow. Copenhagen 1935.
- Werner Leibbrand: Friedrich Kraus. An echo of his appreciation. In: The Medical World. July 26, 1958. (Appreciations - by Wollheim, Ullmann, Goldbloom - for the 100th birthday previously published ibid. , June 14, 1958)
- Luise Kraus: My father Friedrich Kraus. In: German Medical Journal. 14, 1963, pp. 48-49.
- Gustav Mittelbach: The internist Friedrich Kraus (1858-1936). The third chairman of the chair for internal medicine in Graz (1894–1902). in: Walter Höflechner , Helmut J. Mezler-Angelberg, Othmar Pickl (eds.): Domus Austriae. A celebration for Hermann Wiesflecker 's 60th birthday. Graz 1983, p. 291.
- Dieter Schwartze: Friedrich Kraus - pioneer of functional diagnostics and electrocardiology in Germany. In: Z Entire Inn Med. 42 (12), 1987, pp. 336-339.
- Martin Lindner: The pathology of the person. Friedrich Kraus' redefinition of the organism at the beginning of the 20th century . Berlin 1999, ISBN 978-3-928186-40-7
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kraus, Friedrich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Kraus, Friedrich Anton |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian doctor and pathologist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 31, 1858 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Bodenbach (Bohemia) |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 1, 1936 |
| Place of death | Berlin |