Frontier Crimes Regulation
The Frontier Crimes Regulation ( FCR ) is a legal system of the British colonial power , which regulates the administration and conflict resolution in the northern tribal areas of British India and thus the protection of the border region to the Russian sphere of interest. The FCR authorizes certain government officials ( Deputy Commissioners ) to fine insurgent Pashtuns , to ban them from British India or to arrest them. In addition, with reference to the maintenance of public order, they are entitled to confiscate property or destroy undesirable settlements. In 1893, the area along today's Afghan - Pakistani border was divided into tribal areas by a demarcation line ( Durand line ). In 1901 the territory west of the Indus fell under the administration of British India as the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP).
The Pakistani constitution of 1973 allows the Frontier Crimes Regulation to continue to apply in the largely Pashtun -influenced tribal areas ( Federally Administered Tribal Areas , FATA), in deviation from Pakistani federal law. The execution was taken over by Pakistani officials with the independence of the state in 1947 . The constitutional state jurisdiction is excluded in the tribal areas.
Efforts have been made in Pakistan since the end of 2017 to repeal the colonial legacy of the Frontier Crimes Regulation. A controversial transitional regulation came into force in May 2018.
Web links
- The Frontier Crimes Regulation, 1901 Urdu , accessed October 12, 2011
- Summary of 2011 Amendments to the Frontier Crimes Regulation FATA Reforms. News on Reforms in Pakistan Tribal Areas, accessed October 11, 2011
- Harrison Akins: FATA and the Frontier Crimes Regulation in Pakistan: The Enduring Legacy of British Colonialism Policy Brief, University of Tennessee, November 2017 (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Aasim Sajjad Akhtar: (Post) colonial politics in the tribal areas of Pakistan bpb , May 14, 2010
- ↑ Conrad Schetter: State and Tribe - The Border Country of the Pashtuns Military History Research Office , no year
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from October 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Javed Hussain: Draconian Frontier Crimes Regulation to be repealed in Fata within a week: SAFRON minister Dawn , December 8, 2017
- ↑ Marvi Sirmed: For FATA residents, the good news may be short-lived Daily Times, May 29, 2018 (English)
