Soccer shoe
Soccer shoes are part of the equipment of football players . When it comes to shoes for competition and training, a distinction is made between studded, cam and multi- cam shoes .
nature
With the exception of indoor soccer shoes, all soccer shoes have studs , cams or knobs underneath the sole , which ensure adequate hold against slipping. Nowadays, as a rule, only exchangeable cleats are referred to as cleats, which are individually attached to the sole and made of leather, rubber, ceramic , aluminum or plastic . In the case of cam shoes, the rubber or plastic studs are an integral part of the sole and cannot be exchanged. The sole must have at least ten lugs. Artificial turf shoes, in particular, have large numbers of small pimples and are therefore also referred to as "millipedes". Until the Second World War , bar-, strip- and horseshoe-shaped fittings were also common under the sole, which were made of leather or rubber , extended over the entire width of the sole and were rounded at the corners.
Nowadays a number of different cleats or cams are offered that are specially tailored to their area of application. They differ not only in the material of the cams, but also in their size, length, number and arrangement:
| designation | suitable for surface | sole | description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AG - Artificial Ground | artificial grass | rather elongated cams | This sole was specially made for use on artificial turf pitches. A major advantage here is the high durability of the material. A high resilience and material strength are particularly important on artificial turf pitches. The resulting friction between the sole and the ground (both made of synthetic) causes enormous material abrasion. |
| FG - Firm Ground | Natural grass and ash | wider cams with a little further spacing so that the sole does not stick to turf so easily | This sole was specially made for use on natural lawns. Not to be confused with artificial turf, as this is not a natural surface but is produced synthetically. The FG sole is suitable for dry or wet lawns. |
| HG - Hard Ground | Ash, artificial turf | short, hard cams | The all-rounder among football soles was specially made for use on hard and ash courts. A major advantage here is the high durability of the material. A high load-bearing capacity and material strength are particularly important on hard surfaces. |
| IN - indoor | Hall floor | no cams, but profiled sole | This sole was specially made for use in sports halls and on polished floors. Especially in the hall, it is important to be able to rely on the right grip at all times despite the smooth and level surface. |
| SG - Soft Ground | Natural grass; mostly for very damp, muddy and deep soils | the classic studs | This sole was specially made for use on soft to very soft natural grass. Most of the time, the screwed studs can be exchanged and thus adapted to requirements at short notice. Most professional players use this advantage to optimally adjust to the different space conditions at all times. |
| TF - Turf (sometimes interpreted as a millipede) | All-rounder for hard floors such as ash or short artificial turf | lots of little cams | The all-rounder among football soles was specially made for use on hard and ash pitches, but can also be played on older (short) artificial turf pitches without any problems. A major advantage here is the high durability of the material. A high load-bearing capacity and material strength are particularly important on hard surfaces. |
history
Replaceable screw studs were first used for complete teams in 1949. The Blumenthaler SV was Bremer through this technical assistance for three consecutive times national champion. These shoes were developed by Alexander Salot and were soon also ordered by Werder Bremen , Hamburger SV , Eimsbütteler TV , Rot-Weiss Essen , 1. FC Köln , Hannover 96 and FC Schalke 04 . At the final of the German championship in 1954 between Hannover 96 and 1. FC Kaiserslautern , Hannover ran up in Puma shoes with screw studs. The shoes were developed by Rudolf Dassler , the founder of Puma.
At the Football World Cup in Switzerland in 1954 , the German team used shoes with interchangeable Adidas studs . Especially on the rain-soaked lawn in the final in Bern's Wankdorf Stadium , this was a great advantage over the Hungarians who were equipped with groin shoes from a Hungarian manufacturer. These shoes with the screw-in studs were based on a development by Rudolf Dassler's brother Adolf , the founder of Adidas, and his brother-in-law Raimund Martz from 1953.
Football shoes with iron studs are often considered undesirable because the risk of injury is not insignificant. On August 14, 1981, the player Ewald Lienen was slashed by the Bremen player Norbert Siegmann with the cleat of the football boot over a length of 25 cm. The rules say: The quality of the studs / cams in terms of material, number and dimensions (length / diameter) must not pose a risk of injury to either the wearer or the other players. Such shoes are only permitted from a certain age group . Details are often specified in the tournament rules.
See also
literature
- With thread . In: Der Spiegel . No. 9 , 1950, pp. 28 ( Online - Mar. 2, 1950 ).
Web links
- Football and technology (extensive and precise presentation of all technical aspects of football boots from the German Patent and Trademark Office)
- Who screwed the first studs into their shoes? in Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung on May 23, 2006
- The inventor of the screw-in studs is called Salot, not Dassler in sueddeutsche.de, on September 1, 2009
- Advertisement for football boots from 1894
swell
- ↑ http://deine-fussballwelt.de/dein-stollenmuster/
- ↑ Threaded , The Mirror. March 2, 1950. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
- ↑ Alex Raack: The Wound of the Nation. (No longer available online.) August 14, 2008, archived from the original on November 7, 2010 ; Retrieved June 18, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.mrg-berlin.de/mrg_unterricht/cnt/spo/pdf/regel_fb.pdf
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from June 19, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from January 8, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
