Góra Kalwaria
| Góra Kalwaria | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Mazovia | ||
| Powiat : | Piaseczno | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 59 ′ N , 21 ° 24 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 12,040 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 05-530 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 72 | ||
| License plate : | WPI | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Rail route : | Skierniewice – Łuków | ||
| Next international airport : | Warsaw | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | ||
| Surface: | 145.11 km² | ||
| Residents: | 26,863 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 185 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 1418013 | ||
| Administration (as of 2015) | |||
| Mayor : | Dariusz Zieliński | ||
| Address: | ul. 3-ego Maja 10 Góra Kalwaria |
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| Website : | www.gorakalwaria.pl | ||
Góra Kalwaria ( Yiddish גער Ger ) is a city in Poland in the Masovian Voivodeship . From the 17th to the 19th century, urban development was particularly geared towards the idea of a Catholic site (a calvary ). The city also became the center of the important Hasidic court named after it (see Ger ). The original name Góra (literally "mountain") was changed to Nowa Jerozolima (" New Jerusalem ") in 1670 . Finally, the city was renamed Góra Kalwaria ("Calvary") in the 18th century .
geography
The city is located about 25 kilometers southeast of Warsaw on the Vistula .
history
The community of Góra already existed in the 13th century . After it was completely destroyed during the Swedish conquest in the Swedish-Polish War from 1655 to 1660 , the parish came into the possession of Stefan Wierzbowski , the Bishop of Poznan in 1666 . Wierzbowski wanted to build a so-called Calvary on the ruins of the community , i.e. a religious site where passion plays and church services could be held. Such sites were quite popular in early modern Poland . He was strengthened in his plan by the impression that the landscape around Góra looked similar to that in the Holy Land .
In 1670 the parish was renamed Nowa Jerozolima , it was granted city rights and construction work began. The city's layout was based on medieval maps of Jerusalem and the road network formed a Christian cross . The bishop invited the Dominican , Cistercian and Piarist orders to settle in the city, and soon there were a multitude of monasteries, churches, chapels and Stations of the Cross in the city . The city was only designed for Christians, Jews were not allowed to settle there.
After the death of Bishop Wierzbowski, the city began to decline. Many churches and chapels were torn down.
In the early 19th century , the ban on Jews from settling there was relaxed. A little later, the Jews became the predominant population group in the city. Góra Kalwaria became one of the centers of Hasidism and the home of the Ger movement . The center of secular Jewish culture was the library named after Jizchok Leib Perez .
From 1883 to 1919 Nowa Jerozolima and Góra Kalwaria, which was in the Russian part of Poland until the First World War , were deprived of their city rights.
During the German occupation during the Second World War , the Jewish population of Góra Kalwaria and the surrounding area was collected in a small ghetto in January 1941 , taken to the Warsaw Ghetto on February 25 and 26, 1941 and later mostly murdered in the Treblinka extermination camp .
From 1975 to 1998 the municipality was part of the Warsaw Voivodeship .
local community
The following localities with a Schulzenamt belong to the urban and rural community of Góra Kalwaria :
- Aleksandrów
- Baniocha I
- Baniocha II
- Borki
- Brześce
- Brzumin
- Buczynów
- Cendrowice
- Coniew
- Czachówek
- Czaplin
- Czaplinek
- Czarny Las
- Czersk
- Dębówka
- Dobiesz
- Julianów
- Karolina
- Kąty
- Kępa Radwankowska
- Królewski Las
- Krzaki Czaplinkowskie
- Krzymów
- Linin
- Łubna
- Ługówka
- Mikówiec
- Moczydłów
- Obręb
- Ostrówik
- Pęcław
- Podgóra
- Podłęcze
- Podosowa
- Potycz
- Sierzchów
- Sobików
- Solec
- Szymanów
- Tomice
- Wincentów
- Wojciechowice
- Wólka Dworska
- Wólka Załęska
Economy and Infrastructure
Important branches of industry were food processing (Hortex), sports equipment (Polsport) and the chemical industry. However, in 2005 the locations were closed.
sons and daughters of the town
- Pinchas Menachem Alter (1926–1996), Hasidic rabbi
- Wolf Messing (1899–1974), Polish clairvoyant and hypnotist
See also
- Kalwaria Zebrzydowska
- Battle of Warsaw (1920)
- Battle of Radzymin (1944)
- Synagogue of Gerer Rebbe (Góra Kalwaria)
Web links
- City website (Polish)
Footnotes
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ^ Website of the city, Władze / Burmistrz , accessed on March 9, 2015
- ↑ Dz.U. 1975 no 17 poz. 92 (Polish) (PDF; 802 kB)