Gabriel ibn Bochtischu

Gabriel ibn Bochtischu ( Persian جبرئیل بن بختیشوع Dschabra'īl'm Bachtischu' , DMG Ǧabra'īl'm Baḫtīšū' ; Arabic جبريل بن بختيشوع Dschabril'm Bachtischu' , DMG Ǧibrīl'm Baḫtīšū' ), also known under the names (Gabriel) Bochtīschū ( French Djibril b. Bukhtishu , English Jabril Bakhtyshu , Jibril ibn Bakhtishu , Jibrā'īl ibn Bukhtyishu , Djabra'il b. Bakhtishu and Bukht-Yishu ), was a medic who lived in the 8th and 9th centuries AD and who came from the well-known Persian- Nestorian Bakhishu family who worked in the Academy of Gundischapur (in Gundischapur , now in Iran ).

life and work

Representation of Aristotle by Gabriel Bochtiso

Gabriel was the doctor of the Barmakid Jafar and then 805-808 the doctor of Hārūn ar-Raschīd and later of al-Ma'mūn . He died in 828 or 829 and was buried in the monastery of St. Sergios in Madain ( Ctesiphon ). Bochtischu wrote various medical treatises and exerted a considerable influence on the progress of science in Baghdad . With great effort he undertook the research of ancient Greek medical works and promoted their translators. He was excommunicated by the Patriarch Timothy I (Mar Timotheus I. 780-820 / 23) and then enforced the election of the Patriarch Isho bar Noun (Mar Ischo bar Noun 820 / 3–825 / 28).

Gabriel's grandfather was Jirdschis ibn Dschibril (Georg bar Gabriel bar Bochtischu). Gabriel's son Yuhanna ibn Bochtischu was also a doctor. The last known member of the Nestorian Bochtischu family was the doctor Abdollah ibn Buchtischu (940-1058).

Surname

The name Buchtischu means according to Kitāb ʿUyūn al-Anbāʾ fī ṭabaqāt al-aṭibbāʾ (كتاب عيون الأنباء في طبقات الأطباء'Book from the news sources about the status of the medical profession') by the Arab historian Ibn Abī Uṣaibiʿa (ابن أبي أصيبعة) “Servant of Jesus”,في اللغة السريانية البخت العبد ويشوع عيسى عليه السلام, DMG fī'l-luġa as-suryāniyya al-baḫt al-'abd wa-yašū '' īsā 'alaihi's-salām ' in Syriac: The [happy] lot of the servant of Jesus, peace be upon him '. The term Bacht, which also exists in Arabic (بخت, DMG baḫt ) comes from Persian with the meanings “luck”, but also “fate, lot, oracle”, so that the overall name means “bearing the [happy] lot of Jesus”.

literature

• Ferdinand Wüstenfeld : Arab Doctors (15-16, 1840).
• L. Leclere: Medecine arabe (vol. 1, 99-102, 1876).
• M. Meyerhof: New Light on Hunain (Isis, VIII, 717, 1926).
• D. Sourdel: Bukhtishu, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam I (1960), ND Leiden 1986, 1298; -
• Lutz Richter-Bernburg: Boḵtīšūʿ. In: Encyclopaedia Iranica IV, 1990, 333-336;
• Maris Amris et Slibae De Patriarchis Nestorianorum, ed.Henricus Gismondi, Roma 1899
• The Chronography of Gregory Abu'l-Faraj 1225-1286, ed. By Ernest A. Wallis Budge (1922), ND London 1976;
• Les Lettres du Patriarche Nestorien Timothée I., par Raphael I. Bidawid , (= Studi e Testi 187), Città del Vaticano 1956;
• Zaydan Jurji: History of Islamic Civilization, 4th: Umayyads and Abbassids, tr. DS Margoliouth, Leyden 1907;
• Bergstrasse Gotthelf: About the Syrian and Arabic Galen translations, (= treatises for the customer of the Orient 17.2), Leipzig 1925;
• Count Georg: History of Christian Arabic Literature, Vol. 2, Citta del Vaticano 1947;
• Ullmann Manfred: Medicine in Islam, 1970;
• Klein-Franke Felix: Ubaidallah b. Gibril b. Bahtisu's thesis on the therapy of mental and physical illnesses (Ms. Leiden 1332), in: Zeitschrift der dt. Morgenl. Society, supplem. II, 1974, 192-197;
• Schöffler Heinz Herbert: The Academy of Gondischapur. Aristotle on the way to the Orient, (= Logoi 5), 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1980;
• Schwaigert Wolfgang: The theological school of Bet Lapat - Gundeaisabur, in: Zeitschr. d. German morning Ges., Suppl. IV, 1980, 185-187;
• Cheikho Louis: Les savants arabes chrétiens en Islam (622-1300), ed. v. C. Hechaime, Jounieh 1983;
• The history of medical thought. Antiquity and the Middle Ages, ed. v. Mirko D. Grmek, Munich 1996;
• Wilhelm Baum , Dietmar Winkler: The Apostolic Church of the East. History of the so-called Nestorians. Klagenfurt 2000
• O'Leary de Lacy: How Greek Science passed to the Arabs (1949), ND New Delhi 2001;
• World of islam. History and Culture of the Prophet, ed. v. Bernard Lewis , Munich 2002;
• Wilhelm Baum:  Gabriel ibn Bochtischu. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 22, Bautz, Nordhausen 2003, ISBN 3-88309-133-2 , Sp. 125-128.
• Strong as a tree A .: Bôchtîschô. In: LThK Vol. 2, Col. 412.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ See Hans Wehr: Arabic dictionary for the written language of the present , Wiesbaden 1968, p. 38.
2. ↑ See Junker / Alavi: Persian-German Dictionary , Leipzig / Teheran 1970, p. 85, and Steingass online dictionary .