Garden warbler
| Garden warbler | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg)
Garden warbler ( Sylvia borin ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Sylvia Borin | ||||||||||||
| ( Boddaert , 1783) |
The garden warbler ( Sylvia borin ) is a songbird belonging to the genus of warblers ( Sylvia ). It is a migratory bird that breeds throughout Europe in the summer and can often be seen in settlement areas.
description
The garden warbler is 13 to 14 centimeters long and has a wingspan of 21 to 24 centimeters. The weight is around 16 to 22 grams.
The color of the plumage is inconspicuous, the upper side is olive-brown-gray and the lower side is white-brown. The deck plumage of the wings is monochrome, the rump is dirty white. The dark eyes are surrounded by a diffuse, light eye ring, the short, pale stripe above the eyes is even more indistinct. The sides of the neck often have a gray tinge with blurry transitions to the neck. The short, relatively thick, blunt beak is colored blue-gray-beige, with a darker tip. The rather strong legs are light gray.
Males and females look alike, young birds in the first dress show light-colored hems of the wing and umbrella feathers . The highest age known from ring finds is 14 years and three months. Garden warblers are quite shy, therefore rarely and usually only seen briefly. They like to stay in low bushes and sing mostly hidden in thick leaves.
Systematics
Two subspecies are differentiated, but they hardly differ.
- S. b. borin Boddaert 1783, the nominate form , is common throughout Europe
- S. b. woodwardi Sharpe in 1877, is in South East Europe to Siberia before
voice
The call of the garden warbler is a cackling, nasal and smacking-sounding sequence of "chack-chack-chack ...". It is released when the young birds are excited and to lure them; the pace increases with increasing alarm. Usually the call can be heard from the foliage without the bird being seen. The voice of the Blackcap is harder and more penetrating.
The melodious singing consists of 3 to 8 second long verses faster, sometimes fuller, sometimes rougher tones, which ripple along like a brook without any recognizable structure. A whistling ending like the one with the blackcap is missing.
habitat
The garden warbler prefers light, bushy forest fringes and small field trees with dense shrub and shrub growth and can also be found in undergrowth parks or cemeteries and overgrown gardens. In forests it usually breeds at the edges and along paths that are lined with bushes, in coniferous forests only in clearings or when the trees are well mixed with a thick layer of herbs and bushes. It hardly breeds under a tight canopy, but also in alluvial forests and swamp forests, riparian trees, the shrub areas in silting zones and larger shrubbery structures in open terrain.
distribution
The garden warbler is a breeding bird of the Palearctic , from northern Portugal , France , Great Britain and western Ireland to the Upper Yenisei in Russia . The northern limit of distribution runs in northern Europe at the 70th degree of latitude (70 ° N), in the east at 64 ° N in the Urals and at 59 ° N on the Yenisei. The southern border of the breeding area runs on the northern edge of the Mediterranean region through central Spain , southern France, the southern Alps , the south of the former Yugoslavia and Bulgaria to the northwest coast of the Black Sea and further towards the Caucasus , northern Iraq , northern Iran , Volga and Urals at around 49 to 51 ° N.
In Central Europe , it is represented as a breeding bird almost everywhere from the coast to the Alps and occurs up to the upper tree line under favorable climatic conditions. As a summer bird it can be found from May to September; the wintering areas are in tropical Africa.
Duration
The population in Europe is around 17 to 31 million breeding pairs, which makes up about 75 percent of the world population. Between 1.8 and 3.2 million breeding pairs breed in Central Europe. In Germany the population is 0.8 to 1.4 million breeding pairs.
hikes
The garden warbler is a long-distance migrant . Their wintering quarters are in the south of the Sahara and the Sahel zone, from humid savannahs in West and Central Africa south to Namibia , in East Africa from north Kenya to the south to the Cape. In exceptional cases, overwintering was also found in the British Isles .
Reproduction
The young birds are sexually mature at the age of one year . The bowl-shaped nest , built from grass, roots, hair and stalks, is usually just above the ground and is well hidden in a thick bush. The female lays 4 to 5 brown spotted, white eggs . The eggs are incubated alternately by both partners for 11 to 12 days during the main breeding season from May to July. The young birds hatch naked and stay in the nest for 10 to 12 days.
food
The garden warbler feeds on relatively small and soft-skinned insects and their larvae , but also on spiders and snails . At the end of the breeding season, berries and fruits from 30 to 35 plant species known for Central Europe are also taken. Furthermore, the uptake of flower nectar in southern Europe has been proven.
literature
- H.-G. Bauer, E. Bezzel, W. Fiedler : The compendium of birds in Central Europe. Everything about biology, endangerment and protection. Volume 2: Passeriformes - passerine birds. 2., completely revised Edition. AULA-Verlag, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-89104-648-0 .
- Lars Svensson , Peter J. Grant, Killian Mullarney, Dan Zetterström: The new cosmos bird guide. All kinds of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-440-07720-9 .
Web links
- Profile of the garden warbler with population figures for Switzerland
- Singing garden warbler at www.vogelstimmen-wehr.de
- Sylvia borin in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2008. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2008. Accessed December 29 in 2009.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Sylvia borin in the Internet Bird Collection
- Age and gender determination (PDF; 1.6 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta and Gerd-Michael Heinze (English)
- Feathers of the garden warbler