Hazard class

The hazard classes indicate the type of physical hazard, the hazard to human health or the hazard to the environment for chemical substances and mixtures. The hazard classes are subdivided into hazard categories.

Danger classes play a role in the transport of dangerous goods by road (see Dangerous Goods Class , ADR) and by air ( Dangerous Goods Regulations , DGR, IATA dangerous goods regulations).

CLP (Classification, Labeling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures)

With the correction of Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , the German names for the hazard classes were renamed to English names. This is a peculiarity because normally all languages ​​in the EU are equivalent. This is only a language-specific correction of the attachments.

The conversion from the old label (DSD / DPD) to the new label (CLP) is only possible in very few cases. The classification criteria and the test criteria differ from one another.

Hazard categories that exist in the GHS but not under CLP are highlighted in color. The corresponding GHS pictograms, signal words , hazard notices (H statements) and safety notices (P statements) are assigned to the respective hazard category.

GHS pictogram

The pictograms consist of two parts, the symbol and the red diamond shape border. The pictograms under GHS / CLP are coded and labeled as follows:

GHS01	GHS02	GHS03	GHS04	GHS05	GHS06	GHS07	GHS08	GHS09
exploding bomb	flame	Flame over a circle	gas bottle	Caustic effect	Skull and crossed bones	exclamation sign	Health hazard	environment

H statements

The H statements follow the following coding:

• H2 ** - physical hazards
• H3 ** - health hazards
• H4 ** - environmental hazards

The first proposal for a coding was a combination of two letters and two digits (HP **, HH **, HE **). The division into three groups is based on a proposal from CEFIC.

Physical hazards

Explosive substances / mixtures and products containing explosives

Hazard class 2.1	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to dangerous goods !	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Physical hazards
Explosive substances / mixtures and products containing explosives	Unst. Expl.	GHS01	danger	H200	-	E R2 / R3
	Expl. 1.1	GHS01	danger	H201
	Expl. 1.2	GHS01	danger	H202
	Expl. 1.3	GHS01	danger	H203
	Expl. 1.4	GHS01	Caution	H204
	Expl. 1.5	-	danger	H205
	Expl. 1.6	-	-	-

1. ↑ The type of packaging is also decisive for the classification
2. ↑ not approved for transport

Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases)

Hazard class 2.2	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Physical hazards
Flammable gas
	Flam. Gas 1	GHS02	danger	H220		F + R12
	Flam. Gas 2	-	Caution	H221	-
Chemically unstable gas	Chem. Unst. Gas A	-	-	H230	-	-
	Chem. Unst. Gas B	-	-	H231	-	-

1. ↑ For “chemically unstable gases”, one of the categories A or B can also be specified without any further pictogram or signal word being connected.
   The corresponding hazard warning H230 or H231 is to be understood as an additional note to one of the notes H220 or H221.

Aerosols

Hazard class 2.3	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Physical hazards
Aerosols	Aerosol 1	GHS02	danger	H222 H229		F / F + R11 / R12 or no symbol R10
	Aerosol 2	GHS02	Caution	H223 H229
	Aerosol 3	-	Caution	H229

1. ↑ No direct conversion possible due to different criteria

Oxidizing gases

Hazard class 2.4	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Physical hazards
Oxidizing gases	Ox. Gas 1	GHS03	danger	H270		O R8

Gases under pressure

Hazard class 2.5	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Physical hazards
compressed gas	Press. Gas (comp.)	GHS04	Caution	H280		no equivalent
liquefied gas	Press. Gas (liq.)	GHS04	Caution	H280
refrigerated liquefied gas	Press. Gas (Ref. Liq.)	GHS04	Caution	H281
dissolved gas	Press. Gas (diss.)	GHS04	Caution	H280

1. ↑ New hazard class, previous classification based on other properties

Flammable liquids

Hazard class 2.6	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Physical hazards
Flammable liquids	Flam. Liq 1	GHS02	danger	H224		F + R12
	Flam. Liq. 2	GHS02	danger	H225		F R11
	Flam. Liq. 3	GHS02	Caution	H226		No R10 symbol
	Flam. Liq. 4	-	Caution	H227	No equivalent

1. ↑ Deviations in the criteria, different classification for the flash points
2. ↑ GHS only, liquids with a flash point> 60 ° C and ≤93 ° C, no implementation under CLP
3. ^ Combustible liquid
4. ↑ The US-American dangerous goods law knows this criterion.

Flammable solids

Hazard class 2.7	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Physical hazards
Flammable solids	Flam. Sol. 1	GHS02	danger	H228		F R11
	Flam. Sol. 2	GHS02	Caution	H228

Self-reactive substances and mixtures

Hazard class 2.8	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Physical hazards
Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Self-react A	GHS01	danger	H240	-	E R2 / R3
	Self-react B	GHS01 GHS02	danger	H241
	Self-react CD	GHS02	danger	H242		F R10 / R11 / R12
	Self-react EF	GHS02	Caution	H242
	Self-react G.	-	-	-	no equivalent	R10

1. ↑ New hazard class, previous classification based on other properties
2. ↑ not approved for transport

Pyrophoric (self-igniting) liquids

Hazard class 2.9	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Physical hazards
Pyrophoric liquids	Pyr. Liq. 1	GHS02	danger	H250		F R17

Pyrophoric (self-igniting) solids

Hazard class 2.10	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Physical hazards
Pyrophoric solids	Pyr. Sol. 1	GHS02	danger	H250		F R17

Self-heating substances and mixtures

Hazard class 2.11	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Physical hazards
Self-heating substances and mixtures	Self-heat. 1	GHS02	danger	H251		F R11 or no equivalent
	Self-heat. 2	GHS02	Caution	H252

1. ↑ New hazard class, previous classification based on other properties.

Substances or mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases

Hazard class 2.12	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Physical hazards
Substances or mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Water react. 1	GHS02	danger	H260		F R15
	Water react. 2	GHS02	danger	H261
	Water react. 3	GHS02	Caution	H261

Oxidizing liquids

Hazard class 2.13	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Physical hazards
Oxidizing liquids	Ox. Liq. 1	GHS03	danger	H271		O R8 / R9
	Ox. Liq. 2	GHS03	danger	H272		O R8
	Ox. Liq. 3	GHS03	Caution	H272

1. ↑ No differentiation according to the physical state.

Oxidizing solids

Hazard class 2.14	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Physical hazards
Oxidizing solids	Ox. Sol. 1	GHS03	danger	H271		O R8 / R9
	Ox. Sol. 2.	GHS03	danger	H272		O R8
	Ox. Sol. 3	GHS03	Caution	H272

There are also many products that are classified as dangerous goods class 5.1, but are not to be marked with O (R8) according to RL 67/548 / EEC. The cause lies in different test methods. The test method for the classification for O is a pure yes / no test (method A.17). The test of class 5.1 and now also the category Ox. Sol. 1–3 is carried out according to method O.1 - categories 1–3 are now identical to the packaging groups of dangerous goods class 5.1. Many products with dangerous goods class 5.1 are freely available on the market - products marked O according to RL 67/548 / EEC are subject to the Chemicals Prohibition Ordinance!

1. ↑ No differentiation according to the physical state

Organic peroxides

Hazard class 2.15	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Physical hazards
Organic peroxides	Org. Perox. A.	GHS01	danger	H240	-	E R8 / R9
	Org. Perox. B.	GHS01 GHS02	danger	H241
	Org. Perox. CD	GHS02	danger	H242		O R7
	Org. Perox. EF	GHS02	Caution	H242
	Org. Perox. G	-	-	-	No equivalent

1. ↑ not approved for transport

Substances and mixtures that are corrosive to metals

Hazard class 2.16	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Physical hazards
Substances and mixtures that are corrosive to metals	Met. Corr. 1	GHS05	Caution	H290		no equivalent

1. ↑ New hazard class, previous classification based on other properties.

Health hazards

acute toxicity

Hazard class 3.1	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Health hazards
acute toxicity	Acute Tox. 1	GHS06	danger	oral H300 dermal H310 inhalative H330		T + / T R23 / R24 / R25 R26 / R27 / R28
	Acute Tox. 2	GHS06	danger	oral H300 dermal H310 inhalative H330
	Acute Tox. 3	GHS06	danger	oral H301 dermal H311 inhalative H331		T Xn R20 / R21 / R22
	Acute Tox. 4th	GHS07	Caution	oral H302 dermal H312 inhalative H332	no equivalent
	Acute Tox. 5	-	Caution	oral H303 dermal H313 inhalative H333	no equivalent

1. ↑ The classification into the hazard categories takes place under GHS / CLP either via an LD / LC ₅₀ value, or via a derived / calculated ATE value
2. ↑ Different classification values ​​for LD ₅₀ do not allow any direct conversion in this area.
3. ↑ GHS only, substances with an LD ₅₀ > 2000 mg / kg ≤5000 mg / kg, no implementation under CLP
4. ↑ May be harmful if swallowed
5. ↑ May be harmful in contact with skin
6. ↑ May be harmful if inhaled

Skin corrosion / skin irritation

Hazard class 3.2	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Health hazards
Skin corrosion / skin irritation	Skin Corr. 1	GHS05	danger	H314	no equivalent
	Skin Corr. 1A	GHS05	danger	H314		C R35
	Skin Corr. 1B
	Skin Corr. 1C					C R34
	Skin irritation. 2	GHS07	Caution	H315	no equivalent	Xi R38
	Skin irritation. 3	-	Caution	H316	no equivalent

1. ↑ The hazards "Xi, R36 - irritates the eyes" and "Xi, R37 - irritates the respiratory tract" can be found in other hazard classes.
2. ↑ GHS only, no implementation under CLP
3. ↑ Causes mild skin irritation.

Serious eye damage / eye irritation

Hazard class 3.3	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Health hazards
Serious eye damage / eye irritation	Eye Dam. 1	GHS05	danger	H318	no equivalent	Xi R41
	Eye irrit. 2	GHS07	Caution	H319		Xi R36
	Eye irrit. 2 B	-	Caution	H320	No equivalent

1. ↑ GHS only, no implementation under CLP
2. ↑ Causes eye irritation

Skin or respiratory sensitization

Hazard class 3.4	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Health hazards
Respiratory sensitization	Resp. Sens. 1	GHS08	danger	H334	no equivalent	Xn R42
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens. 1	GHS07	Caution	H317		Xi R43

With Regulation (EC) 286/2011 of March 10, 2011, allergenic substances can be subdivided in a more refined manner if the data is available:

• 1A Strong allergen
• 1B Other allergen

This has no direct effect on the classification of substances. However, when classifying mixtures, different limit values ​​apply to the sub-categories for the classification.

Hazard class 3.4	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Health hazards
Respiratory sensitization	Resp. Sens. 1 sub-category 1A sub-category 1B	GHS08	danger	H334	no equivalent	Xn R42
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens. 1 sub-category 1A sub-category 1B	GHS07	Caution	H317		Xi R43

Germ cell mutagenicity

Hazard class 3.5	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Health hazards
Germ cell mutagenicity	Muta. 1A	GHS08	danger	H340	no equivalent	T muta. Cat 1 R46
	Muta. 1B					T muta. Cat 2 R46
	Muta. 2	GHS08	Caution	H341		Xn muta. Cat 3 R68

Carcinogenicity

Hazard class 3.6	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Health hazards
Carcinogenicity	Carc. 1A	GHS08	danger	H350	no equivalent	T carc. Cat 1 R45 / R49
	Carc. 1B					T carc. Cat 2 R45 / R49
	Carc. 2	GHS08	Caution	H351		Xn carc. Cat 3 R40

Reproductive toxicity

Hazard class 3.7	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Health hazards
Reproductive toxicity	Repr. 1A	GHS08	danger	H360	no equivalent	T repr. Cat 1 R60 / R61
	Repr. 1B					T repr. Cat 2 R60 / R61
	Repr. 2	GHS08	Caution	H361		Xn repr. Cat 3 R62 / R63
	Lact.	-	-	H362		R64

Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure)

Hazard class 3.8	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Health hazards
Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure)	STOT SE 1	GHS08	danger	H370	no equivalent	T R39
	STOT SE 2	GHS08	Caution	H371		Xn R68
	STOT SE 3	GHS07	Caution	H335 or H336		Xi R37 R67

1. ↑ Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure
2. ↑ In connection with R26 / R27 / R28 or R23 / R24 / R25
3. ↑ In connection with R20 / R21 / R22

Specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure)

Hazard class 3.9	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Health hazards
Specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure)	STOT RE 1	GHS08	danger	H372	no equivalent	T R48
	STOT RE 2	GHS08	Caution	H373		Xn R48 R33

1. ↑ Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure
2. ↑ In connection with R23 / R24 / R25
3. ↑ In connection with R20 / R21 / R22

Aspiration hazard

Hazard class 3.10	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Health hazards
Aspiration hazard	Asp. Tox. 1	GHS08	danger	H304	no equivalent	Xn R65
	Asp. Tox 2	GHS08	Caution	H305	no equivalent

1. ↑ This hazard class is not implemented in China under GHS
2. ↑ GHS only, no implementation under CLP
3. ↑ May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways

Environmental hazards

Aquatic hazard

short-term (acute) water hazard

Hazard class 4.1	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Environmental hazards
acutely hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Acute 1	GHS09	Caution	H400		N R50
	Aquatic Acute 2	-	-	H401	no equivalent	no equivalent
	Aquatic Acute 3	-	-	H402	no equivalent	R52

1. ↑ In addition, an M-factor is specified
2. ↑ For goods that are only “environmentally hazardous”, both hazard labels are used; for goods with the secondary risk “environmentally hazardous”, hazard label No. 9 is not used.
3. ↑ Only GHS L (E) C50> 1 and ≤10, no implementation under CLP
4. ^ Toxic to aquatic life
5. ↑ R51 was only available in combination with R53
6. ↑ Only GHS L (E) C50> 10 and ≤100, no implementation under CLP
7. ^ Harmful to aquatic life

long-term (chronic) water hazard

Hazard class 4.1	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Environmental hazards
chronically hazardous to water	Aquatic Chronic 1	GHS09	Caution	H410		N R50 / 53
	Aquatic Chronic 2	GHS09	-	H411		N R51 / 53
	Aquatic Chronic 3	-	-	H412	no equivalent	R52 / 53
	Aquatic Chronic 4	-	-	H413		R52 R53

1. ↑ For goods that are only “environmentally hazardous”, both hazard labels are used; for goods with the secondary risk “environmentally hazardous”, hazard label No. 9 is not used.

Other environmental hazards

Ozone layer depletion

Hazard class 5.1	Hazard class / hazard category code	pictogram	Signal word	Hazard warning	corresponds to the hazardous good	corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC
Environmental hazards
damaging the ozone layer	Ozone 1	GHS07	Caution	H420	no equivalent	N R59

See also

• H and P phrases
• R and S phrases

Web links

• Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP regulation)
• Correction to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008
• Regulation (EU) No. 286/2011 amending Regulation 1272/2008
• Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) first edition 2003
• Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) First revised edition 2005
• Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) Second revised edition 2007
• Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) Third revised edition 2009
• Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) Fourth revised edition 2011
• Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) Fifth revised edition 2013
• Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) Sixth revised edition 2015
• Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) Seventh revised edition 2017

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) ; Article 2.
2. ↑ CLP Regulation, Appendix V.
3. ^ Sub-Committee of Experts on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals, Tenth session, 7-9 December 2005 Item 3 (a) of the provisional agenda, September 26, 2005.
4. ^ Sub-Committee of Experts on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals, Eleventh session, July 12-14, 2006 Item 3 (c) of the provisional agenda, May 15. 2006.

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