Pointed-lobed lady's mantle
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Pointed Lady's Mantle ( Alchemilla vulgaris ) ( Herbarium evidence ) |
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The ragged lady's mantle ( Alchemilla vulgaris , syn .: Alchemilla acutiloba Opiz , Alchemilla acutiloba var.stellata Poelt , Alchemilla acutangula Buser ), also called common lady's mantle or common lady's mantle , is a species of the lady 's mantle ( Alchemilla ).
features
The lobed lady's mantle is a partially evergreen, medium-sized to very large and rarely red-colored plant. It is a perennial, herbaceous half-rosette hemicryptophyte with a rhizome . The main axis is 3 to 15 millimeters thick.
The primary leaves are five-lobed. The basal leaf blades are 4 to 22 centimeters wide, kidney-shaped or less often circular and encompass 240 to 360 ° (rarely up to 380 °). They are horizontal to slightly funnel-shaped, slightly wrinkled to flat and rarely wavy. Their upper side is grass-green and shiny, the underside light gray-green. The basal leaf blade is divided into 9 to 13 lobes on 22 to 44% of its radius. These are triangular-trapezoidal to long, triangular-parabolic, mostly rounded and 0.4 to 1.1 times as long as they are wide. The largest lobes are 30 to 45 degrees. There are usually 15 to 29, rarely 13 or 14 teeth. At the base, the lobes are imperforated up to 2 millimeters, which corresponds to 10 to 20%. The end tooth is smaller than the neighboring teeth. The teeth are 1 to 6 millimeters wide, 1 to 4 millimeters long, which corresponds to 2 to 5% of the spreading radius, and 0.3 to 1.5 times as long as they are wide. They are long triangular to broad and crooked triangular, rarely also egg-wart-shaped, mostly pointed, inclining to the tip of the lobes or spreading and curved inward to outward. There is hair on the upper side of the leaf at the edge and in the folds, in rare cases only on the teeth. The first leaves are sometimes bare, but in summer the leaves can often be hairy everywhere.
The stipules are 20 to 55 millimeters long, which corresponds to 5 to 15% of the stem length. They are fresh for a long time, green-tipped and have 4 to 10 teeth. The ears are free. The incision is 2 to 4 millimeters deep. The leaf stalks are fairly densely covered with stiff, horizontally protruding hairs and 1.5 to 4.5 millimeters thick. The stem is short ascending to upright and 15 to 85 centimeters long. Its length corresponds to 1 to 2 times that of the petioles . Like the petioles, it is hairy for 60 to 100% of its length. The largest stem leaves are 7 to 9 lobed. The lobes of the top are usually long and narrow 6- to 10-toothed.
The inflorescence is 2 to 20 centimeters wide. It is very loose and sparsely on large plants. The flower stalks are glabrous, 0.5 to 1 (rarely up to 3) millimeters long and strongly spreading. The flowers are green to yellow-green, 2 to 4 millimeters long and 3 to 4.5 millimeters wide, the goblets are usually bare, some may have sparse hairs. When ripe, they are spherical to short-belled, the same width at the top and usually rounded at the bottom. The sepals are 0.8 to 1 times as long as the sepals, triangular to half-ovoid, pointed and only very rarely slightly hairy. At last they are erect-spreading to erect. The outer sepals are more spreading and lanceolate to ovate. They are 0.3 to 0.8 times as wide and 0.75 to 1 times (rarely 1.1 times) as long as the sepals and 0.55 to 1 times as long as the sepals . The stamens narrow because of the wider base. The scar is lenticular to hemispherical. A quarter to a third of the nut length protrudes.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 102 to 109.
The lobed lady's mantle blooms from May to October.
ecology
The lobed lady's mantle is a persistent hemicryptophyte . Its leaves have a water-repellent wax layer. In an atmosphere saturated with water vapor, they show the appearance of a guttation , ie they actively excrete water droplets from so-called "water crevices" or hydathodes in the blade tooth angles . The released water is often like a pearl fringe on the edge of the leaves, or it collects in the middle of the leaf if there is heavy excretion.
The flowers are inconspicuous female "nectar-bearing disc flowers". The flowers are wide open day and night and in all weathers. Visitors are various insects , but because of the apomixis , the seed formation without fertilization, the plant is of no use.
Flowering time is from May to October.
The unit of expansion is the small nuts enclosed by the permanent, parachute-like cup and the outer cup. They spread as wing fliers or they are subject to the burdock ice spread, which is supported by the hairy calyx. The fruits remain in the goblet until it has weathered , and they can then be spread out further as adhesives when wet. A chance spread by ungulates should be out of the question because of the very late ripening of the seeds. The seeds are cold germs and light germs .
The fruit ripening begins in August.
The vegetative reproduction is vigorous, it takes place through strong, short rhizomes.
Occurrence
The area of the Spitzlappigen Lady's mantle covers temperate Europe up to the Ob in Siberia. In the north the species occurs as far as northern Russia and central Fennoscandia, in the west the distribution limit runs through Holland, along the Rhine and through southwestern western Switzerland. The species is only slightly distributed in the south beyond the Alps, in the Balkans the distribution area extends to Bosnia, Bulgaria and northern Greece. In Central Europe, the lobed lady's mantle is common and widespread in the low mountain ranges, in the Alps and in the hill country it occurs scattered and in the lowlands it is rare.
The habitat of the lace-lobed lady's mantle are fresh to swampy meadows, banks, embankments as well as fields, bushes and tall herbaceous meadows that are trickled over. When the climate is humid, it also grows in ruderal corridors. The species can often be found in pure stands along railway embankments and in road ditches. In the Alps it seldom rises to altitudes of 2000 meters, mostly it occurs here in lower altitudes up to high-montane level. In the north of the distribution area it also occurs at sea level.
The species grows on lime or base-rich, neutral to slightly acidic, fresh to trickling wet, loamy, humus-rich and nutrient-rich soils. In plant sociology , it occurs in the associations Adenostylion alliariae , Polygono-Trisetion , Arrhenatherion elatoris , Calthion , Cynosurion and Rumicion alpini .
Use as a dye plant
With the flowering, wool can be dyed yellow. If iron sulfate is added in the dyeing process , a green color can be achieved.
Other uses
The lobed lady's mantle is an old cottage garden plant and an ornamental plant that is also suitable for wild plant gardens.
The young leaves can also be used as a vegetable and as an addition to salads.
Common names
Further names for the pointed lobed lady's mantle, some of which are only used regionally, but which in part (for example with "Sinau" / "Sintau") can also refer to the yellow-green lady 's mantle , are or were: Alchemist's herb , Aschnitz ( Silesia ), Eisenkraut ( empty ), Framanteikraut ( Altenau ), Frauamentali ( St. Gallen , Appenzell , Bernese Oberland ) Frauemänteli ( Schwaben ), lady's mantle ( Alsace , Swabia, Silesia, Hesse , Pomerania ), our women's coat , our dear women coat (Silesia, North dithmarschen ), our dear women's night coat ( Thuringia , Saxony ), Fruemantel ( Mecklenburg ), Fruenmänteln ( Göttingen ), Gänsefuss ( Zittau ), Gänselgrün (Silesia), golden Gänserich , Helft ( Prussia ), Herrgottsmäntelchen ( Eifel ), Herrgottsmäntelein ( Erzgebirge ) , Immertau , Johannisblume (Eifel near Dreis ), Löentritt , Löwenfuss , Löwentapen , Mäntelikraut (Entlebuch, Bern , Switzerland ), Mantlekraut (Hessen), Marienkraut (Silesia), Marienmantel (Silesia, Mark, Thuringia, Ulm ), Muttergottesmäntelchen (Eifel), feverfew , Nenneck (Eifel, Nuremberg ), OESA Fraua Menteli (Appenzell) Ohmkraut , Omkraut , Parisol ( Upper Engadine ), Regendächle ( Augsburg ), Schathütlichrut (St. Gallen, Sargans ), Silberkraut (Silesia), Sinau , Sindauwe ( Middle Low German ), Sindaw (Silesia), Sinnawn , Sinnow , Sintau , Sondaw , Sonnenblätter (Entlibuch, Bern, Switzerland), Star herb , Thaublatt ( Graubünden ), Thauschüsseli (Graubünden) and Thumantel (Bernese Oberland).
literature
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (ed.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 , p. 354 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g Sigurd Fröhner: Alchemilla in Hildemar Scholz (Ed.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 2nd completely revised and expanded edition. Volume IV Part 2B: Spermatophyta: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (3) (Rosaceae, 2nd part) . Blackwell, Berlin / Vienna a. a. 1995, ISBN 3-8263-2533-8 , pp. 58-60 .
- ↑ E. Prinz: "Dye Plants - Instructions for Dyeing, Use in Culture and Medicine" Verlag Schweizerbart, Stuttgart 2014 ISBN 978-3-510-65291-4 , p. 61.
- ↑ Alchemilla xanthochlora Rothm. (= Alchemilla vulgaris auct. Non L. ).
- ↑ Heinrich Marzell : Dictionary of German plant names. 5 volumes, Leipzig, from volume 3 Stuttgart / Wiesbaden, volume I, pp. 174–181.
- ^ Heinrich Marzell: Our medicinal plants: Their history and their position in folklore. 2nd edition (under the title History and Folklore of German Medicinal Plants ), Stuttgart 1938, pp. 110–112.
- ^ Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants , published by Philipp Cohen Hannover 1882, page 15
- ↑ Heinrich Marzell : Dictionary of German plant names. Volume 1: Abelia - Cytisus. S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1943, pp. 174-181.
Web links
- Pointed-lobed lady's mantle. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
- Alchemilla vulgaris aggr. sensu Heitz In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved November 8, 2015.
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to: Eric Hultén , Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 .
