Gojong (Goryeo)

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Gojong
23rd King of the Goryeo Dynasty

Spelling of names
Hangeul 고종
Hanja 高宗
Revised Romanization Gojong
McCune-Reischauer Kojong
Reign
Reign of 1213
Reign until 1259
predecessor King Gangjong
successor King Wonjong
Life dates
Born on the February 3, 1192
place of birth Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Birth Name 왕철
Hanja 王 皞
Revised Romanization Wang Cheol
McCune-Reischauer Wang Cheol
father King Gangjong ( 강종 )
mother Queen Wondeok of the Kaesong Wang Clan ( 원덕 )
Death dates
Died on July 21, 1259
Place of death Ganghwado , Goryeo
Spouses, mistresses, offspring
Woman (s) Queen Anhye of the Kaesong Wang Clan ( 안혜 )
Sons King Wonjong ( 원종 )
King Yeongjong ( 영종 )
Daughters Princess Sunyeong ( 수녕 )

King Gojong ( Korean 고종 ) (born February 3, 1192 in Kaesŏng , Kingdom of Goryeo ; † July 21, 1259 in Ganghwado , Goryeo) was the 23rd king of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty during his reign from 1213 to 1259 ( 고려 왕조 ) (918-1392).

Life

Gojong was the firstborn son of King Gangjong ( 강종 ) and his second wife Queen Wondeok ( 원덕 ), who came from the Kaesong Wang clan. At his birth, Gangjong was given the name Wang Cheol ( 왕철 ). King Gojong was married to Queen Anhye ( 안혜 ), who came from Kaesong Wang. With her he had two sons and a daughter. His firstborn son joined the line of succession as the 24th king of the Goryeo dynasty after Gojong's death.

After the military rebellion against Gojong's great-uncle King Uijong ( 의종 ) in 1170, the three commanders Jeong Jung-bu ( 정중부 ), Yi Ui-bang ( 이의 방 ) and Yi Ko ( 이고 ) took power in the Goryeo empire , King Uijong deposed and Gojong's grandfather, Myeongjong installed as King without Powers. After disputes over the power issue in the military leadership and assassinations leading to several changes in military leadership and the exercise of government power in the years up to 1196, General Choe Chung-heon ( 최충헌 ) finally took over power and took care of himself Death in 1219 for the coronation of kings Sinjong ( 신종 ), Huijong ( 희종 ), Gangjong ( 강종 ) and Gojong as well as the deposition of King Myeongjong and the two kings Sinjong and Huijong, which he installed himself.

Gojong was approved and installed as king by General Choe Chung-heon after the death of his father . When General Choe Chung-heon died in 1219, his son Choe U ( 최우 ) took control of the royal house and kingdom. He returned land that his father had confiscated to the farmers, gave impoverished scholars posts in the administration, and fortified the land in the north as protection against the Mongols who invaded Goryeo in 1231 and took the capital, Kaesŏng. As a result, Choe U moved the capital of the empire to Ganghwado Island ( 강화도 ), which was more secure. King Gojong, on the other hand, first fled to Andong ( 안동 ) and then found refuge on Ganghwado and Choe U died in 1249. The Mongols raided Goryeo a total of six times between 1231 and 1258. When in 1258 there was a coup against Choe Ui ( 최 의 ), the son of Choe U , and he was killed, a peace treaty was negotiated between the Mongol Empire and Goryeo while King Gojong was still alive, but the future kings of the Goryeo Dynasty forced princesses of the Yuan Dynasty ( 元朝 ) to be taken as wives and made queens of the Goryeo Empire, in order to strengthen the bond between the Goryeo Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty.

King Gojong was under the influence of the military dictatorship of the Choe family until his last year in reign. This only changed with the peace treaty with the Yuan Dynasty of the Mongols, whereby Goryeo came under the rule of the Mongol Empire , which only ended with King Gongmin ( 공민 ), the 33rd monarch of the Goryeo dynasty, and the Goryeo Empire with him regained its sovereignty.

King Gojong died in 1259. His tomb is unknown.

literature

  • Ki-baik Lee : A New History of Korea . Harvard University Press , Seoul 1984, ISBN 0-674-61576-X (English, Chinese: 韓國 史 新 論 . 1961. Translated by Edward W. Wagner).
  • Michael J. Pettid, Mark C. Mueller, Raymond F. Wall : Kang Kamch'an . In: Yang Hi Choe-Wall (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Korea . Australian National University , Canberra May 1999 (English).
  • Hiyoul Kim: Korean History. Introduction to Korean history from prehistory to modern times . Ed .: Heinrich P. Kelz (=  languages ​​and language learning . Volume 204 ). Asgard-verlag, St. Augustin 2004, ISBN 3-537-82040-2 (Language Learning Center of the University of Bonn).
  • Han Young Woo : Ancient / Goryeo Era . In: A Review of Korean History . Volume 1 . Kyongsaewon Publishing Company , Pajubookcity, Gyeonggi-do 2010, ISBN 978-89-8341-091-7 (English, translated from Korean by Hahm Chaibong).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Han : Ancient / Goryeo Era . 2010, p.  369 .
  2. ↑ 고종 [ 高宗 , 1192 ~ 1259]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation . Retrieved November 12, 2019 (Korean).
  3. ↑ a b c Pettid, Mueller, Wall : Myŏngjong, King (r. 1170-1197) . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p.  967 .
  4. ↑ Pettid, Mueller, Wall : Ch'oe Ch'unghŏn (1149 to 1219) . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p.  125 .
  5. ↑ Pettid, Mueller, Wall : (? -1249) Ch'oe U . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p.  138 f .
  6. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  162 .
  7. ↑ Kim: Korean History . 2004, p. 79_81 .
personal data
SURNAME Gojong
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wang Cheol
BRIEF DESCRIPTION 23. King of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty
DATE OF BIRTH February 3, 1192
PLACE OF BIRTH Kaesŏng , Goryeo
DATE OF DEATH July 21, 1259
Place of death Ganghwado , Goryeo