Large pine snail
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Great pine snail ( Hygrophorus latitabundus ) |
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| Hygrophorus latitabundus | ||||||||||||
| Britzelm. |
The great pine snail ( Hygrophorus latitabundus , Syn .: Hygrophorus fuscoalbus ( Lasch Fr. )) is a mushroom from the family of snail relatives (Hygrophoraceae). The rare snail occurs in pine forests and has a preference for calcareous soils. The large and strong fruit bodies are edible and appear in autumn. The pale gray-brown to dark olive-brown hat is very slimy when wet. Other names for this mushroom are white - scaly puss or gray and white snail . The Latin epithet latitabundus means "hiding".
description
The fruiting bodies of the snail are large and strong and completely covered by a layer of mucus. The hat is 5–15 cm wide, initially arched and later almost spread out to slightly funnel-shaped deepened. In the middle it is usually bluntly hunched. The hat color is pale spotty gray-brown to olive-brown, darker in the middle than on the lighter edge. The slimy, shiny, smooth skin of the hat is characteristic, especially in damp weather. When it is dry, the hat skin is rather dull. The brim of the hat remains rolled up for a long time and is later bent down.
The white, distant lamellae are thick, waxy and broadly attached to the stem or run down slightly. They are whitish to pale cream in color and often mixed with intermediate lamellae. The blade edges are smooth.
The white stem is about 5–10 cm long and 2–4 cm thick. It is cylindrical to bulbous in shape and full and firm. It is covered by a thick layer of mucus. A clear ring zone can be seen in the upper third. Above the ring it is white and covered with white flakes, below the ring it is very slimy and olive brown. The stem base is often pointed.
The white meat is firm, smells weakly aromatic and tastes pleasantly mild and bland. If you drip some ammonia solution on the stem, it turns orange to rust-red and then brown at the stem base and yellow-ocher at the stem tip. With 30 percent potassium hydroxide solution, the stalk turns yellow.
The spore powder is whitish, the elliptical spores themselves are 8–12 µm long and 6–8 µm wide and hyaline . The hyphae of the hat skin contain only intracellular pigment; some of them are covered with oily lumps of exudate .
Among the many species in the genus Hygrophorus are some that can be confused with the Great Pine Snail.
- The fruiting bodies of the olive brown booted snail ( Hygrophorus persoonii ) look very similar, but the species only occurs in deciduous forests under oaks ( Quercus ) and beeches ( Fagus sylvatica ). Its flesh turns green with ammonia solution.
- The olive-brown snail ( Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus ) is slimmer and has irregularly jagged, brownish transverse bands in the lower part of the white stem. It is a typical spruce companion that is often found in moss cushions. Its flesh turns orange-red with ammonia solution.
ecology
The big Pine Schneck Ling is a mycorrhizal fungus , which almost exclusively with pines ( Pinus received) a symbiotic relationship. The fungus can therefore be found in light, grassy forests or pine forests, on forest edges, on juniper-pine heaths and on semi-arid grasslands rich in bases. The snail likes shallow, somewhat compacted, warm, moderately dry to fresh, basic and relatively nutrient-poor soils over lime or limestone marl.
The fruiting bodies appear in groups in late summer to autumn. It is a rare species, but where it occurs it can be more common.
distribution
The snail is a holarctic , submeridional temperate to subboreal species that occurs in North America (USA, Canada) and Europe. Its distribution area extends over southern and central Europe. So far it has been detected in the Balearic Islands , Spain, France, Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Poland and Belarus. But it also occurs in the Republic of Macedonia, Greece and Turkey.
In Germany, it is particularly widespread in the southern and central German mountain and hill country. The snail is absent in Hesse, Saxony, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Schleswig-Holstein. It is very rare in Lower Saxony.
Systematics
The large pine snail is placed in the Olivaceoumbrini section. The representatives of the section have greasy to slimy hats and stems. Their hats are dark brown-gray, olive or orange. The stalk is latticed or more or less clearly ringed.
meaning
The large pine snail is considered a good edible mushroom, but the hat skin should be peeled off. In Spain it is often collected and also sold in markets. In Germany, it should not be collected because of its high risk ( RL2 ).
In the folk medicine of Catalonia the snail, which there is called Mocosa negra , or “black snot nose”, is used for intestinal diseases, diarrhea and stomach ulcers. The mushroom is given in a boiled state, usually in the form of a soup.
Web links
- Hygrophorus latitabundus . In:FunghiItaliani.it. AMINT,accessed December 23, 2010(Italian, description and photos).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Synonyms of Hygrophorus latitabundus. In: indexfungorum.org. Index Fungorum, accessed August 9, 2011 .
- ↑ a b Hans E. Laux (Ed.): The Cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-10622-5 , p. 44 .
- ↑ Alain Gerault: Florule Evolutive des Basidiomycotina du Finistere - Heterobasidiomycetes - Tricholomatales . In: . October 2005 (French, online [PDF]).
- ↑ a b c Houdou G .: Le grand livre des champignons . Ed .: Editions de Borée. 2004, ISBN 2-84494-270-9 , pp. 81 (French, preview on Google Book).
- ^ A b Román JR: Hygrophorus limacinus. In: Fungipedia.es. Retrieved December 23, 2010 (Spanish).
- ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 118 .
- ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 103.
- ↑ RM Cenci et al .: Elementi chimici nei funghi superiori . In: JRC Scientific and Technical Reports . 2010, p. 175 ( europa.eu [PDF]).
- ^ Petkovski S .: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009 ( PDF, 1.6MB ( Memento from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed July 9, 2013]). National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ D. Dimou, G. Zervakis, E. Polemis: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: IV. Macrofungi from Abies cephalonica forests and other intermixed tree species (Oxya Mt., central Greece) . In: Mycotaxon . tape 104 , 2008, p. 39–42 ( online [PDF]).
- ↑ Abdullah Kaya: Macromycetes of Kahramanmaras Province (Turkey) . In: Mycotaxon . tape 108 , 2009, p. 31–34 ( online [PDF]).
- ↑ Species: Hygrophorus latitabundus Britzelm. 1899. In: Global Biodiversity Information Facility . Retrieved December 25, 2010 .
- ↑ M. de Román & E. Boa: Collection, marketing and cultivation of edible fungi in Spain . In: Micología Aplicada Internacional . tape 16 , no. 2 , 2004, ISSN 1534-2581 , p. 25–33 (English, uaemex.mx [PDF]). Collection, marketing and cultivation of edible fungi in Spain ( Memento of the original from September 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Hygrophorus latitabundus. (No longer available online.) In: FungiBalear.net. Secció Micològica Museu Balear de Ciències Naturals, archived from the original on July 23, 2011 ; Retrieved January 1, 2010 (Catalan). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ A. & J. Agelet Vallès: Studies on pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the region of Pallars (Pyrenees, Catalonia, Iberian Peninsula) . Part III. Medicinal uses of nonvascular plants. In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology . tape 84 , 2003, p. 232 (English, online [PDF; accessed on August 9, 2011]).
