Major radio station Nauen

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Major radio station Nauen
Image of the object
One of the four 80.5 meter high ALLISS transmitting antennas in Nauen
Basic data
Place: Nauen
Country: Brandenburg
Country: Germany
Altitude : 29  m above sea level NHN
Coordinates: 52 ° 38 ′ 51.8 "  N , 12 ° 54 ′ 35.2"  E
Use: Telecommunication system
Accessibility: Transmission system not accessible to the public
Owner : Media broadcast
Data on the transmission system
Tower / mast 1
Height: 70 m
Construction time: 1964
Operating time: since 1964


Tower / mast 2
Height: 80.5 m
Construction time: 1995-1997
Operating time: since 1997


Tower / mast 3
Height: - m
Construction time: 1995-1997
Operating time: since 1997


Tower / mast 4
Height: - m
Construction time: 1995-1997
Operating time: since 1997


Tower / mast 5
Height: - m
Construction time: 1995-1997
Operating time: since 1997
Waveband : SW transmitter
Radio : KW broadcasting
Send types: Analog television , PAL , SECAM , NTSC , digital television , DVB-T , DVB-T2 , DVB-T2 HD , DVB-H , DAB , DRM , cable headend , cellular radio , directional radio , mobile land radio , mobile marine radio , BOS radio , amateur radio service
Position map
Major radio station Nauen (Brandenburg)
Major radio station Nauen
Major radio station Nauen
Localization of Brandenburg in Germany
Telefunken station Nauen around 1918
Aerial systems of the major radio station 1930
The “Umspul-Raum”, 1930
The large radio station in January 1931, in the background the Muthesius building
Turntable antenna in Nauen

The major radio station in Nauen is the oldest still existing transmitter in the world. It was on 1 April 1906 by Telefunken called -Ingenieur Richard Hirsch launched by north of Nauen from Fideikommissar Fritz Stotze from Neukammer a 40 hectare plot of land leased . Today's transmitting antennas were completed in 1964 and 1997 and are 70 meters and 80.5 meters high. The station served to broadcast the Deutsche Welle program on shortwave until 2011 .

history

On August 9, 1906 the trial operation and on August 16, 1906 the operational operation as a test station of Telefunken began. A 100-meter-high steel truss mast, insulated from the ground and carrying a shield antenna , served as the transmission mast . Pop-spark transmitters were used as transmitters .

Since the station did not have electric connection, a slight half-timbered building, a building has in the transmitter, Lokomobile with a power of 35 PS prepared comprising a 50 Hz - AC generator 24  kVA drive power.

Nauen's signals were received by the stations in Norddeich (approx. 300 kilometers), Rigi-Scheidegg (approx. 700 kilometers) and Saint Petersburg (approx. 1,300 kilometers) as early as the first radio attempts .

In 1909, extinguishing spark transmitters were installed as transmitters . With them, ranges of 5,000 kilometers could be achieved.

In 1911 a radio link was established for the first time with the Kamina radio station in the former German colony of Togo . In the same year the antenna mast was raised to a height of 200 meters, although it was destroyed by a storm on March 31, 1912. It was replaced by an antenna that was stretched between two 120-meter-high masts. At the end of 1912, this was again replaced by an L-antenna with a V-shaped floor plan carried by five masts .

In 1913 the first machine transmitter was installed in Nauen . He worked with frequency doubling according to the Arco system . On February 10, 1914, a 1,037 meter long L antenna was installed, supported by a 260 meter high and two 120 meter high masts. At the same time, the station received a new transmitter building.

On March 13, 1914, the Windhoek radio station in German South West Africa could be reached for the first time . (See also: Radio stations in German South West Africa )

First World War and the interwar period

With the beginning of the First World War, the station was under the Reichsmarineamt and gained great importance because the overseas cables leading to Germany had been interrupted by the opposing states. From Nauen, news of the outbreak of war reached the German colonies, which in turn warned numerous German merchant ships.

In 1916, at the insistence of Hans Bredow (then Telefunken director and later Reichsrundfunk-Kommissar), the station was expanded. The antenna system was enormously enlarged and additional high-frequency machine transmitters were installed.

From 1918 to 1931 the system belonged to Transradio AG. In 1920 the main antenna of the station, which had been completed to date and which was supported by two 260-meter and four 125-meter-high masts, got considerable dimensions: it extended over a length of 2,484 meters. At right angles to this there was a smaller antenna supported by three masts, one of which looked like an overhead line mast . In addition, the new broadcasting building designed by Hermann Muthesius , the characteristic Muthesius building, was erected in 1920 . The modernized broadcasting station was inaugurated on September 29, 1920 by President Friedrich Ebert . There was also a commemorative publication and a guide through the station.

In 1923 the last machine transmitter was set up in Nauen, and shortwave transmitters followed in 1924 .

On January 1, 1932, the Deutsche Reichspost took over the station. Although tube transmitters had long been the state of the art in the 1930s, machine transmitters were still modernized in 1937.

World War II and post-war period

During the Second World War , the station's long-wave transmitters were mainly used to transmit commands to submerged submarines .

The station, which survived the Second World War unscathed, was dismantled by the Soviet occupying powers from the end of May 1945 . All technical facilities were dismantled and the masts of the station were blown up. It is not known whether and where the dismantled machine transmitters were used in the Soviet Union .

Originally, the Muthesius building, which was built in 1920, was also to be blown up, but this could be prevented through targeted persuasiveness.

Until 1955 there was no radio in Nauen and the building was used as a potato warehouse. In 1955 Nauen began building short-wave transmitters , first for diplomatic contacts, and from 1958 also for the GDR's international radio , Radio Berlin International . 39 rhombus antennas were initially installed as transmitting antennas . For this purpose, the Nauen radio office was established in 1956 as part of the GDR's Deutsche Post . The “Nauener Zeitzeichen”, the central weather service and all ADN messages were sent from here.

In 1964 one of the first rotating shortwave antennas was built on Dechtower Damm. The antenna that still exists today is 70 meters high. It has two antenna fields weighing 40 tons and 70 tons.

In 1972 a curtain antenna was installed near this antenna and additional transmitters were put into operation.

From 1959 to October 3, 1990, RBI Radio Berlin International also broadcast from here , a multilingual GDR foreign program, until the Nauen radio office was closed in 1990. Deutsche Welle DW took over the frequencies seamlessly. After German reunification, the facility in Nauen was transferred to the Deutsche Bundespost . All transmitters and antennas that were not used for shortwave broadcasting were switched off and dismantled.

Current status

Main building of the large radio station Nauen from 1920, architect: Hermann Muthesius

From 1995 to 1997 a new antenna system was built in Nauen. It consists of four rotatable shortwave antennas from Thomcast (today Thomson Broadcast GmbH in Schifferstadt ) and four 500-kilowatt transmitters, which were manufactured by Telefunken Sendertechnik (today Transradio SenderSysteme Berlin ) and are fully transistorized except for the output stage . As a special feature, the rotatable antennas allow unlimited rotation in all directions. The energy is transferred by means of slip rings. Two of the four antennas have a switchable vertical diagram for target areas at different distances.

The broadcasting system has been owned by Media Broadcast since 2008 .

The Dutch radio program "The Mighty KBC" broadcasts irregularly on Sundays via the systems of the major radio station in Nauen on the frequency 6095 kHz with an effective radiated power of 100 kW.

The current station manager is the engineer Matthias Quolke.

Incidents

On October 18, 1997, a gas balloon filled with hydrogen drove into the radiation maximum of antenna 2 at a distance of less than 100 meters. This caused electromagnetic reactions of the steel fibers incorporated in the balloon net. This led to heating, which ultimately led to the network melting through and a fire in the balloon envelope ( deflagration ). The basket separated from the balloon and fell from a height of about 180 m into a ditch near the radio system. The four inmates were killed here.

literature

  • Gerd Klawitter: 100 years of radio technology in Germany - radio stations around Berlin , ISBN 3-89685-500-X , pages 25–60
  • Festschrift for the inauguration of the major radio station in Nauen on September 29 , 2020 , published by Telefunken and Transradio, Berlin
  • Michael Bollé: The large radio station Nauen and its buildings by Hermann Muthesius . Arenhövel, Berlin 1996

Web links

Commons : Großfunkstelle Nauen  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Chronik des 20. Jahrhundert , 14th edition, Augsburg: Bechtermünz, ISBN 3-86047-130-9 , p. 79.
  2. ^ Wilhelm Stahl (ed.): Schulthess' European history calendar . 30th year 1914 / I, CH Beck´sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munich 1917, p. 137.
  3. ↑ Reinhard Klein-Arendt: “Kamina calls Nauen!” - The radio stations in the German colonies 1904–1918 . Cologne: Wilhelm Herbst Verlag, 1995. ISBN 3-923925-58-1
  4. ↑ Investigation report 3X455-0 / 97 of the BFU