Large stone grave Schalkholz-Vierth
| Large stone grave Schalkholz-Vierth Large stone grave Schalkholz | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 The relocated burial chamber of the large stone grave Schalkholz-Vierth in the city park of Heide |
|||
|
|||
| Coordinates | 54 ° 14 '36.1 " N , 9 ° 14' 34.7" E | ||
| location | Schalkholz OT Vierth , Schleswig-Holstein , Germany | ||
| Emergence | 3500 to 2800 BC Chr. | ||
| Sprockhoff no. | 139 | ||
| Land recording | Schalkholz LA 33 / Heide LA 5 |
||
| Monument ID | AkD-No. 000 231 | ||
The large stone grave Schalkholz-Vierth (often just the large stone grave Schalkholz ) is a megalithic grave complex of the Neolithic funnel cup culture in Vierth , a district of Schalkholz in the district of Dithmarschen , Schleswig-Holstein . During the Late Bronze Age or the Early Iron Age , it was used for a subsequent burial and expanded. It bears the Sprockhoff number 139 and the site number Schalkholz LA 33 or Heide LA 5. The grave was archaeological in 1969/70examined and then transferred to Heide . It has been back in Schalkholz since 2021.
location
The original location of the grave is about 1 km west of the center of Schalkholz at the Vierth homestead, directly south of the road to Rederstall .
There are or were several other megalithic tombs in the vicinity. Directly south of the Schalkholz-Vierth large stone grave are two long beds (LA 34 and 37). In 1941, about 2.2 km to the southeast, the remains of another large stone grave (LA 72) were discovered at a medieval ski jump at a ford of the Tielenau . The large stone grave Linden-Pahlkrug is located 2.7 km to the northwest . From the municipality of Schalkholz there is another long hill (LA 58), two more destroyed large stone graves (LA 80 and 100), two sites that may have been destroyed (LA 68 and 98) and three destroyed long hills (LA 49, 50 and 54) known. There are also numerous burial mounds in the vicinity of the Schalkholz-Vierth grave .
Research history
The mound of the grave was ransacked in 1876 and partially removed. A more detailed documentation on this was not made. The system was then purchased by the district council and placed under protection. Kurt Langenheim published two ceramic vessels in 1935, which were probably discovered in the complex during the excavation in 1876 or shortly afterwards. In August 1943, Ernst Sprockhoff's grave was measured for his atlas of Germany's megalithic tombs . In the winter of 1969/70 an archaeological excavation was carried out under the direction of J. Kühl. The burial chamber was then moved to the Heide city park, which is just under 11 km west-southwest, with the help of the Bundeswehr . In July 2021, the chamber was brought back to Schalkholz by the technical relief organization .
description
architecture
This system has a round mound with a diameter of 16 m and a preserved height of 1.6 m. Larger parts of the hill were removed in 1876, especially on the east side and in the center. During the investigation in the winter of 1969/70, two phases of construction of the hill could be distinguished. The original mound had a diameter of 14 m and a height of 0.8 m. It extends exactly to the upper edge of the funnel-shaped burial chamber and the top 0.1 m consists of podzol . At a later time, another mound was applied to this with a thickness of 0.8 m.
The funnel-shaped burial chamber is a passage grave of the Holstein chamber subtype . The north-north-west-south-south-east oriented chamber has an approximately oval floor plan and an inner length of 3.5 m, a width of 2.2 m and a height of 1 m. All nine wall stones are still preserved. Only at the northeast corner are two stones at right angles to each other, otherwise the long and narrow sides merge into one another in an arc. Of the original two capstones, the northern one still rests on the wall stones; the southern one is missing. The chamber was sunk about 0.4 m into the existing ground. The pavement was found undisturbed in the northern part of the chamber. It consisted of a lower layer of hewn stone slabs and an upper layer of burned flint . The gaps between the wall stones were originally completely filled with dry masonry made of sandstone slabs. The outside of the chamber had been plastered with a mud coat, which was covered with sandstone slabs and pebbles.
The entrance to the chamber is at the southern end of the western long side. In front of it is a corridor coming diagonally from the south-west with a length of 1 m and a width of 0.6 m. He has two wall stones on the northwest and one wall stone on the southeast side. Cap stones are no longer preserved. A threshold stone protrudes 0.35 m from the ground between the corridor and the chamber . Two smaller stones were placed on the threshold stone, which meant that the entrance to the chamber was originally only 0.6 m × 0.6 m. It is possible that the entrance was locked after the burial chamber was no longer in use. Remnants of clay screed that were found on the aisle side of the entrance also speak for this. In front of the corridor, some displaced stone slabs of different sizes were found, which may have served as a closure.
No more findings could be established from the more recent burial.
Finds
No remains of the original burials have survived. But some additions were found. A strongly profiled funnel beaker and a flat, protruding bowl probably come from the excavation of 1876 . During the excavation in 1969/70, another funnel beaker, an undecorated shoulder vessel, fragments of a baking plate and an arrowhead were found in the chamber . In the disturbed part of the chamber filling and in the entrance area, one decorated and several undecorated ceramic shards were discovered.
A deposit of 63 flint blades was found about 1.2 m north of the chamber and 0.6 m below the top of the original hill phase . Since no traces of a deepening were found, the deposit is likely to have been deposited directly when the hill was filled. The blades were so close together that they were originally placed in a container or a wrap made of organic material. The blades had been chipped from at least nine different core stones.
About in the middle of the hill and about 0.3 m sunk into it, an urn was discovered that dates to the late Bronze Age or the early Iron Age and is perhaps connected to the expansion of the mound.
literature
- Klaus Bokelmann : A megalithic grave with blade depot near Schalkholz, Kr. Dithmarschen. In: Offa. Volume 29, 1972, pp. 113-131.
- Hauke Dibbern : West Holstein from the time of the funnel-beaker period. A study on the Neolithic development of landscape and society (= early monumentality and social differentiation. Volume 8). Rudolf Habelt Verlag, Bonn 2016, ISBN 978-3-7749-3989-9 , p. 225 ( online ).
- Heinrich Handelmann : Two stone monuments in Norderdithmarschen. In: Writings of the Natural Science Association for Schleswig-Holstein. Volume 2, Issue 2, 1877, p. 93 ( online ).
- Kurt Langenheim : The earthenware of the giant stone graves in Schleswig-Holstein (= research on prehistory and early history from the museum of prehistoric antiquities in Kiel. Volume 2). Wachholtz, Schleswig 1935, pp. 7, 10.
- Ernst Sprockhoff : Atlas of the megalithic tombs of Germany. Part 1: Schleswig-Holstein. Rudolf Habelt Verlag, Bonn 1966, p. 37.
Web links
- The Megalithic Portal: original location , location in Heide
- KuLaDig, Kultur.Landschaft.Digital: Großsteingrab Heide LA 5
- Megalithic Routes: The large stone grave of Schalkholz-Vierth in Heide.
Individual evidence
- ↑ List of immovable archaeological cultural monuments in the area of responsibility of the Schleswig-Holstein State Archaeological Office (ALSH) (PDF; 32 MB)
- ↑ Karl Kersten : A stone grave with individual burial at Schalkholz. In: Offa. Volume 9, 1951, pp. 17-20.
- ↑ Hauke Dibbern: The funnel cup time West Holstein. A study on the neolithic development of landscape and society. 2016, pp. 225–226.
- ↑ Ingrid Haese Granite weighing tons on a hook. In: Boyen's media. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
- ↑ THW Heide: Large stone grave returns. In: Facebook.com . July 4, 2021. Retrieved August 29, 2021.