Gruhno
Gruhno ( Lower Sorbian Grunow ) with 139 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2011) has been part of the Brandenburg municipality of Schönborn in the Elbe-Elster district since September 27, 1998 . It is located 6 km southwest of the town of Doberlug-Kirchhain in the Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft nature park and has a district area of 5.2 km².
history
The origin of the place and its first documentary mention
Gruhno was probably built between 1200 and 1231, the year the place was first mentioned in a document, in the course of the high medieval country development as a new foundation for the Dobrilugk monastery . In 1541, Elector Johann Friedrich von Sachsen had the monastery belonging to Bohemia occupied. With the secularization , the place came under noble rule. In the second half of the 16th century, a property known as a knight's seat was built in Gruhno, which later existed as a royal Vorwerk. Its dissolution and the demolition of the building took place in 1823.
Two important connecting roads ran through the village, the Poststrasse from Berlin to Dresden and the Frankfurter Fuhrstrasse. The inn, which was also a post coach exchange station, was mentioned as early as 1607. On a 1630 by Balthasar Zimmermann started plat a water mill is located and named as "Greger judge Mülichen 1 gangk". This mill stood in the same place as the last watermill, which was in operation until the end of the 1940s as the “water mill and oil mill”. In 1985 the mill buildings were demolished.
The village school
A first school house was built in Gruhno in 1803. The Gruhno children, who previously attended the school in Friedersdorf , could now be taught on site. Student directories have existed since 1866 and the school chronicle began to be recorded in 1888. After the demolition of the first school building in 1875, the construction of the second school building took place in 1876. With the abolition of multi-level instruction, the Gruhnoer pupils received instruction in other places from 1967 and the local school was used as an auxiliary school. On July 4, 1970, school operations were completely stopped.
Changes in the 20th century
On July 27, 1925, Gruhno was connected to the electricity network. The first electric light was in school. The first telephone system was installed in 1926. Construction of the parish hall began in 1954. This building was given its purpose in 1958, although completion was delayed until the early 1960s. The village street was fortified in 1968, and it was connected to the public drinking water network in 1975.
The most significant change for the farmers was the establishment of the Agricultural Production Cooperative (LPG). After only three farmers joined together to form an LPG at the end of the 1950s, LPG Type I was forcibly founded in 1960. In 1963 there was a merger with LPG Type III Oppelhain and in the following years an LPG technical base as well as a 100, 200 and 300 dairy barn were built in Gruhno. The plants are now operated by the Oppelhain agricultural cooperative.
Gruhno has been part of the Elsterland office since July 1992 . The current coat of arms of the village was introduced in June 1994. A tree was always depicted on earlier village seals.
Population development
The oldest known list of names of Gruhno villagers dates back to 1534. There, however, only the taxable farmers (18) and small farmers (5) are named , depending on the number of farms . The actual number of inhabitants with the number of family members and other residents is not known. Since the separation , which is documented in Gruhno for the years 1845 to 1856, until the beginning of the 1940s, Gruhno had an average of 240 inhabitants on 42 farms.
| Population development in Gruhno since 1875 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | Residents | year | Residents | year | Residents | year | Residents | ||||||
| 1875 | 257 | 1946 | 275 | 1989 | 146 | 1995 | 140 | ||||||
| 1890 | 252 | 1950 | 273 | 1990 | 139 | 1996 | 142 | ||||||
| 1910 | 254 | 1964 | 267 | 1991 | 143 | 1997 | 141 | ||||||
| 1925 | 256 | 1971 | 183 | 1992 | 140 | ||||||||
| 1933 | 230 | 1981 | 164 | 1993 | 139 | ||||||||
| 1939 | 221 | 1985 | 150 | 1994 | 135 | ||||||||
Culture and sights
The listed Gruhnoer church is a 13th century hall building made of lawn iron stone . This is located in the center of the village, surrounded by the local cemetery . To the west of the ship is a neo-Gothic church tower , which was only built from brick in 1885 . Inside the building with a wooden beam ceiling in the nave and choir, there are galleries on the north and west walls. The baptismal font of the Gruhno church is remarkable . A late Romanesque chalice block capital from around 1230 was used for it, which was probably once located in the Dobrilugk monastery .
Other registered architectural monuments in Gruhno are a residential building from 1848 in Gruhnoer Hauptstraße 9 and a stable and farm building with upper arbor at Gruhnoer Hauptstraße 13.
literature
- Sybille Schrey and Bernhard Wagner: Gruhno - local history and stories in words and pictures. 2010
Web links
Footnotes and individual references
-
^ Sorbian name: Grunow (formerly Luckau district )
→ Arnošt Muka : Lower Sorbian names of cities and villages ; 1911–1928, Sorbian Institute.
→ Arnošt Muka: building blocks for local history of the Luckauer Kreis. District Committee, Luckau 1918. - ↑ Müller's Large German Local Book 2012: Complete local dictionary. 33. revised and exp. Ed., Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and Boston 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-027420-2 , online at Google Books , p. 488
- ↑ Historical municipality directory 2005 for Brandenburg ( online as PDF file )
- ^ Historical municipality directory 2005 for Brandenburg Online as a PDF file
- ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments - Brandenburg . 2nd Edition. 2012, ISBN 978-3-422-03123-4 , pp. 445 .
- ↑ a b Database of the Brandenburg State Office for the Preservation of Monuments and the State Archaeological Museum ( Memento of the original from December 9, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed November 1, 2017.
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Coordinates: 51 ° 34 ' N , 13 ° 31' E