Gyaros
| Gyaros | ||
|---|---|---|
 |
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| Waters | Mediterranean Sea | |
| Archipelago | Cyclades | |
| Geographical location | 37 ° 37 ' N , 24 ° 43' E | |
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| length | 8.5 km | |
| width | 4.5 km | |
| surface | 17.76 km² | |
| Highest elevation | Profitis Iliad 490 m |
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| Residents | uninhabited | |
The now uninhabited Greek island Gyaros ( Greek Γυάρος ( f. Sg. ) [ 'Ʝarɔs ], popularly called Γιούρα Gioúra ( n. Pl. ), German also Jaros ) in the Aegean belongs to the northern Cyclades . Administratively, the island belongs to the municipality of Ano Syros of the municipality of Syros-Ermoupoli within the South Aegean region (Περιφέρεια Νότιου Αιγαίου).
Location and geography
Gyaros has an area of 17.76 km² and is located in the center of a circular sea area with a diameter of almost 50 km, surrounded by the islands of Euboea , Andros , Tinos , Syros , Kythnos and Kea . In front of the coast are two small rocky islands, in the northwest Foui ( ούη ) and in the southeast Glaronisi ( Γλαρονήσι )
The island shape is roughly triangular. The central ridge via a length of about 3 km from Cape Fournaki ( Ακρωτήριο Φουρνάκι Akrotírio Fournáki ) in the north further in direction southsouthwest over the summit Skotomenos ( Σκοτωμένος , 435 m), then reaches the highest peak Profit Ilias ( Προφήτης Ηλίας , 490 m ) and then turns west over a relatively narrow peninsula about 800 meters wide to Cape Gaidouromandra ( Ακρωτήριο Γαϊδουρομάνδρα Akrotírio Gaidouromándra ) the westernmost point of the island. The island relief is very rough, mostly steep with only smaller, milder areas. The water network is poorly developed. The few, more pronounced, short rivulets only carry water in winters with high levels of precipitation or after heavy rainfall. While the north and north-west coast and especially the south coast are extremely steep with vertical cliffs in places, the east coast is characterized by flatter terrain.
history
On the top of the hill near Panagia Antilalousa, Mariza Marthari from the 21st Ephoria for Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities discovered the remains of a fortified prehistoric settlement during a surface inspection . The densely scattered surface finds such as obsidian tools, fragments of stone vases, as well as ceramics of various origins, including mynical - and matt - painted mainland goods as well as fragments of imported Minoan goods and Cycladic ceramics from Milos and Thira indicate that the island held an important and strategic position and on the trade routes of the Middle to Late Late Bronze Age in the Aegean Sea possibly served as a stopover. The type of attachment is typical of the time and comparable to Ayia Irini on Kea , Phylakopi on Milos, possibly also with Maroniti I on Andros and Vryokastro on Tinos .
On the east side there are traces of old terrace cultures. There are the remains of the ancient village of Gyaros near a spring and the pier. Gyaros was in the 3rd century BC. BC even the place of its own coin, but known for the poverty of its purple fishermen . The small, barren and arid island was already a dreaded place of exile in the Roman Empire . The torments of the prisoners on Gyaros were proverbial as early as the 2nd century AD.
In the Middle Ages, despite its lack of a harbor, the island was visited mainly to catch purple mussels. In 1573 it was one of the seven small islands of the then Duchy of Naxos . These were left to the Venetian family of the Gozzadini until 1617 against payment of tribute. Thereafter, Gyaros was only inhabited by a few goatherds from Syros in the summer .
Since the Second World War , following the Greek civil war and again under the military dictatorship in Greece (1967–1974), the island was just as ingloriously known as a place of internment for political prisoners .
Administrative affiliation and population development
Since the founding of the Kingdom of Greece , Gyaros has always belonged administratively to Ano Syros . According to the royal decree of October 1, 1834 on the formation of the Cycladic communities , Gyaros was the only one of the uninhabited islands in the newly formed Syros province to be named.
With the census of 1896 Gyaros were first confirmed as a settlement of the then municipality Syros and 18 inhabitants were given for the island. According to the statistical definition, the permanent population of a place is that indicated a certain place as their permanent place of residence during the census. Due to the political crisis, the population recorded an incredible increase in the middle of the 20th century.
| year | 1896 | 1907 | 1928 | 1940 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 18th | 25th | 28 | 31 | 7139 | 244 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
literature
- Ernst Meyer: Gyaros . In: The Little Pauly . tape 2 , 1967, Sp. 884 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Apostolos G. Papadopoulos, Efthimios Karymbalis, Christos Chalkias, Loukia-Maria Fratsea: Η Γυάρος ως ένα πολιτισμικό τοπίο ανθρώπινης απουσίας. In: Συριανά Γράμματα. Volume 2, Issue 2–3, December 2017-June 2018, ISSN 1105-7505, 394 f.
- ↑ Marisa Marthari: Παναγία η Αντιλαλούσα. Ένας άγνωστος προϊστορικός, οχυρωµένος οικισµός στη Γυάρο. ( Panagia Antilalousa: an uknown prehistoric fortified settlement on Gyaros ). In: The Archaeological Institute of Aegean Studies. Ministry of Culture and Sport (Ed.): The Archaeological Work in the Aegean islands. International Scientific Conference . Summaries. Rhodes 2013, preliminary report, p. 74.
- ↑ cf. for example Strabo 10, 5, 3: the residents asked Octavian to reduce their tribute to 100 drachmas.
- ↑ Tacitus , Annalen 3, 68; 4, 30.
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↑ Isle of the Devil . In: Der Spiegel . No. 31 , 1967 ( online ). Upon arrival on the Greek island of Jaros . In: Der Spiegel . No.
32 , 1967 ( online ). Seven years of itching . In: Der Spiegel . No.
13 , 1974 ( online ). - ↑ "The Syros Eparchy, composed of the island of the same name and the uninhabited island of Gyaros (Gioura), ...". Government Gazette of the Kingdom of Greece. Number 4 of March 10, 1835, Article 3, page 30.
- ↑ Βασίλης Φραγκουλόπουλος: Γυάρος, ψηφίδες από τη σύγχρονη ιστορία της. In: Συριανά Γράμματα. Volume 2, Issue 2–3, December 2017-June 2018, ISSN 1105-7505, pp. 18–35. here p. 21.
- ↑ populations of Gyaros 1896-2011, Greek Statistical Office ELSTAT, Digital Library (Greek); Census 2011 Results of the 2011 census at the National Statistical Service of Greece (ΕΛ.ΣΤΑΤ) (Excel document, 2.6 MB)