Hamburg (ship, 1926)
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The Hamburg was a German passenger ship that was used in the Hamburg-America Line (HAPAG) liner service on the North Atlantic from 1926 . In March 1945, after a refugee transport, the ship sank by a mine hit off Saßnitz .
In 1950 the ship was lifted and converted into a whaling mother ship. The former Hamburg was delivered as Juri Dolgoruki from the Warnow shipyard to the Soviet Union in 1960 and remained in service until 1976.
history
The passenger steamer was built in 1925/26 under hull number 473 at the Blohm & Voss shipyard in Hamburg as the third ship in the Albert Ballin class. The launch took place on November 14, 1925. The Hamburg was delivered on March 27 of the following year, the maiden voyage to New York began on April 9, 1926. The ship was used on the North Atlantic route, on which the sister ships Albert Ballin had been in service since 1923 and Germany since 1924. In 1927 the last ship of the class, the New York , was added as the fourth ship . The Hamburg could carry around 950 passengers, had a maximum engine power of 14,000 HPw and, like her sister ships, reached a service speed of 16 knots (kn).
The Hamburg was equipped 1929/30 first of the sister ships with more powerful turbines. The old turbines were removed and used for other ships. The passenger steamers received a new high-pressure boiler system and new turbines, the maximum output of which was 29,000 PSw. This enabled the service speed to be increased to 19 kn. During the renovation, the external appearance was changed by short, squat chimneys and the passenger facilities were improved. From October to December 1933, the Hamburg was the first ship of the class to be extended by about 12 meters by leaning the fore section. The chimneys were lengthened again, the passenger facilities improved again, for now more than 800 passengers. With the new hull shape, a top speed of 21.5 kn was possible. However, the planned speed remained at 19.2 kts.
Both measures should make the ships more competitive. However, there was no economic success. Although the ships could now safely maintain a planned speed of 19 knots, they lacked the flair of the Bremer Schnelldampfer Bremen and Europa . The ship was considerably more successful as a cruise ship for American customers. Her first cruise began in New York on January 31, 1931 and went to the Mediterranean and the Orient for 70 days . During the North Atlantic Service, Hamburg often made four-day cruises to Bermuda between trips . So she started a New Year's trip to this destination on December 31, 1937. From 1938 it became even more difficult to use the capacity of the German passenger ships, as boycott measures against German ships began to take effect since the annexation of Austria.
War effort
During the Second World War , the Hamburg was initially used as a residential ship for a submarine training unit in Gotenhafen . In the course of the evacuation of the German eastern territories, the ship ran into Sassnitz on March 5, 1945 with around 10,000 refugees on board on its third voyage west and gave the refugees ashore. On March 6, the British Royal Air Force attacked the ferry terminal and the ships in the roadstead with Lancaster bombers . Since the captain feared another attack, he moved his undamaged ship seaward on the morning of March 7 and ran into a mine. The Hamburg capsized about 1.5 nautical miles northeast of Sassnitz in the 18 meter deep Baltic Sea. There were no fatalities.
Whaling mother ship
The ship was lifted in 1950 and was to be rebuilt for the Soviet Union as a "socialist joint effort by the workers of the GDR shipbuilding industry". On November 7th of that year the wreck was brought to the Warnow shipyard in order to prepare it for a transfer to Belgium. There the hull of the ship was further repaired at the Cockerill shipyard in Antwerp and returned to Rostock on December 3, 1951 . It was planned to rebuild the ship , now named Yuri Dolgoruki , as a passenger ship.
At the same time, the shipyard repaired the sister ship Albert Ballin , which had been lifted off Warnemünde in 1949 . Her hull was also repaired at Cockerill from August 1950 to June 1951. From the end of 1955, the former Albert Ballin (from 1935 Hansa ) served as a Soviet ski Soyuz in the Black Sea and from 1957 in the Far East under the Soviet flag. As a further passenger ship, the Warnow shipyard rebuilt the former Berlin as Admiral Nachimow .
In 1955, however, the plans for the Hamburg were changed and the ship was converted into a whaling mother ship until testing began in October 1959. On July 12, 1960, the ship was finally handed over to its owners while retaining the name Yuri Dolgoruki (25,377 GRT) and went into service in the Southern Ocean. Their home port became Kaliningrad . In the years that followed, between 1400 and 2200 whales were processed annually on the Yuri Dolgoruki per fishing season. She worked with the Slava (formerly Wikinger / Vikingen , used as the first Soviet factory ship in the Southern Ocean since 1946) and two newbuildings of 32 024 GRT ( Sovetskaya Ukraina - in service from 1959, Sovetskaya Rossia - in service from 1961) and up to 70 fishing boats together. Although signatories to the International Convention on the Regulation of Whaling , the number of whales actually killed by Soviet ships is said to have far exceeded the numbers reported to the International Whaling Commission (IWC).
In 1976 the ship was decommissioned and the following year it was scrapped in the USSR.
literature
- Ludwig Dinklage: The German merchant fleet 1939-1945. With special consideration of the blockade breakers. Volume 1: merchant ships - blockade breakers - auxiliary warships . Musterschmidt, Göttingen, Frankfurt, Zurich 1971, ISBN 978-3-7881-1406-0 .
- Arnold Kludas : The History of German Passenger Shipping / Vol. 4. Destruction and rebirth 1914 to 1930 . Ernst Kabel Verlag Hamburg 1989, ISBN 978-3-8225-0047-7
- Arnold Kludas: The History of German Passenger Shipping / Vol. 5. An era comes to an end from 1930 to 1990 . Ernst Kabel Verlag Hamburg 1990, ISBN 978-3-8225-0041-5
- Claus Rothe: German ocean passenger ships. 1919 to 1985 , Moers 1987, ISBN 978-3-921564-97-4
- Reinhart Schmelzkopf: Die deutsche Handelsschiffahrt 1919–1939 / Vol. 1. Chronicle and evaluation of the events in shipping and shipbuilding , Verlag Gerhard Stalling, Oldenburg, Hamburg 1974, ISBN 978-3-7979-1847-5
- Reinhart Schmelzkopf: Die deutsche Handelsschiffahrt 1919–1939 / Bd. 2. List of all ships over 500 GRT with all technical and historical data , Verlag Gerhard Stalling, Oldenburg, Hamburg 1975, ISBN 978-3-7979-1859-8
- Rolf Schönknecht, Uwe Laue: Ocean freighters of world shipping. Volume 1: For general cargo, containers and trailers . transpress, Berlin 1987, ISBN 978-3-344-00182-7 .
Web links
- Dinner on the Hamburg on July 2, 1933 at gjenvick.com (accessed June 21, 2012)
- Brochure for the 3rd class of the Ballin class (1938) on gjenvick.com (accessed June 21, 2012)
- Use of Hamburg on theshipslist (accessed June 21, 2012)
- The Second World War in Sassnitz on Dokumentationszentrum-prora (accessed June 21, 2012)
- Whale factory ship 'Jury Dolgoruky' on soviet-trawler (accessed June 21, 2012)
Individual evidence
- Ship data from listing in the Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved September 12, 2009 (English, no longer freely accessible since January 2010).
- ^ Arnold Kludas: The history of the German passenger shipping / vol. 4. Destruction and rebirth 1914 to 1930 . Ernst Kabel Verlag Hamburg 1989, ISBN 978-3-8225-0047-7 , p. 64.
- ↑ Arnold Kludas: The History of German Passenger Shipping / Vol. 5. An era goes to the end of 1930 to 1990 . Ernst Kabel Verlag Hamburg 1990, ISBN 978-3-8225-0041-5 , p. 18.
- ↑ Arnold Kludas: The History of German Passenger Shipping / Vol. 5. An era goes to the end of 1930 to 1990 . Ernst Kabel Verlag Hamburg 1990, ISBN 978-3-8225-0041-5 , p. 29f.
- ↑ Arnold Kludas: The History of German Passenger Shipping / Vol. 5. An era goes to the end of 1930 to 1990 . Ernst Kabel Verlag Hamburg 1990, ISBN 978-3-8225-0041-5 , p. 109.
- ↑ Arnold Kludas: The History of German Passenger Shipping / Vol. 5. An era goes to the end of 1930 to 1990 . Ernst Kabel Verlag Hamburg 1990, ISBN 978-3-8225-0041-5 , p. 118.
- ↑ War cemetery for marines.
- ^ Claus Rothe: German ocean passenger ships. 1919 to 1985 , Moers 1987, ISBN 978-3-921564-97-4 , p. 108.
- ^ Alfred A. Berzin: The Truth About Soviet Whaling . (PDF file; 16.02 MB)