Hans Wachtmeister to Johannishus
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Hans Graf Wachtmeister zu Johannishus (* December 24, 1641 in Stockholm , Sweden ; † February 15, 1714 ibid) was a Swedish admiral, general and politician from the aristocratic Wachtmeister family . He was the eldest son of Baron Hans Wachtmeister zu Björkö (1609–1652) and the Baroness Agnes Margareta von Helmstedt.
Life
After careful upbringing and training, Hans traveled in 1661 with his brother Axel Wachtmeister zu Mälsåker (1643–1699) through Italy (in Rome he visited the ex-queen Christina ), France (Paris) and the Netherlands. At the beginning of the Second Anglo-Dutch Sea War , he volunteered for the English Navy in 1665 , but at the beginning of the Second Bremen-Swedish War he switched to the Swedish Army under Wolmar Wrangel as a lieutenant commander in 1666 . After the war, Hans Wachtmeister became treasurer of the Swedish King Karl XI.
In the Schonenkrieg (1674–1679) he rose to admiral until 1676, won the battle of Lund at the side of his king and fought at Blekinge , Christianopel and Karlshamn. After the unsuccessful Reichsadmiral Gustaf Stenbock was dismissed , Admiral General Lorentz Creutz died and Field Marshal Henrik Horn was defeated in the sea battle in the Køgebucht (1677), he took command of the remnants of the Swedish fleet and fought off Kalmar and Öland until 1679 .
In the Swedish Diet in 1680, he sided with the king and advocated absolutist reforms in order to cope with the consequences of the war. As governor general or governor of Kalmar, Öland and Blekinge, secret imperial council, general admiral (since 1681) and president of the reorganized admiralty college, he had the new naval port Karlskrona built (1679/80) and numerous new warships built, so that the Swedish fleet as early as 1689 was bigger and stronger than before the war.
But the fleet devoured vast amounts of money, and when he reformed the navy, Sergeant was suspected of promoting favoritism. In addition, he was not very successful as an admiral during the Great Northern War (1700-1721) against the Danish Navy and was subject to the Danish Admiral General Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve in 1710 for the first time in the Kø. In 1711 he suffered a stroke. At least he was able to maintain the transport of troops and supplies to Swedish Pomerania at first. Wrong decisions by the Admiralty, which he led, were one reason for the destruction of the Swedish transport fleet off Rügen in September 1712.
family
Since 1685 Hans Wachtmeister was married to Countess Sofia Lovisa von Ascheberg (daughter of the general Rutger von Ascheberg ), in 1687 he was raised by the king to the rank of Count to Johannishus . Hans' son was named Karl (Carl) Hans Wachtmeister (1689–1737) and was an admiral a. a. responsible for the loss of the Swedish flagship Prinsessan Hedvig Sophia in the sea battle near Fehmarn (1715). Hans' nephew Karl (Carl) Hans Wachtmeister (1631–1731) succeeded him as President of the Admiralty College.
literature
- Hans Wachtmeister to Johannishus . In: Theodor Westrin, Ruben Gustafsson Berg, Eugen Fahlstedt (eds.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 2nd Edition. tape 31 : Ural vertex . Nordisk familjeboks förlag, Stockholm 1921, Sp. 222-225 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
- Hans Wachtmeister to Johannishus . In: Herman Hofberg, Frithiof Heurlin, Viktor Millqvist, Olof Rubenson (eds.): Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon . 2nd Edition. tape 2 : L – Z, including supplement . Albert Bonniers Verlag, Stockholm 1906, p. 665-666 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Sergeant to Johannishus, Hans |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Sergeant to Johannishus, Hans Graf |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Swedish admiral, general and politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 24, 1641 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Stockholm , Sweden |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 15, 1714 |
| Place of death | Stockholm , Sweden |