Hasanids
As Hasanids ( Arabic بنو حسن, DMG Banū Ḥasan or Arabic حسنيون, DMG Ḥasanīyūn ) are the descendants of ʿAlī's son al-Hasan , a grandson of the Prophet Mohammed . They represent a group within the Aliden and have been given the honorary title Sharīf (شريف / šarīf , pluralشرفاء / šurafāʾ orأشراف / ašrāf ).
The Hasanids during the Umayyad and Abbasid periods
The Hasanids first played a political role during the late Umayyad period . Around 744, for example, the Hasanid ʿAbdallāh ibn Hasan, who was the head of the Aliden at the time, forged plans to take over rule in the Islamic empire, but the daʿwa Hāšimiyya first brought the Abbasids to power after the uprising of Abu Muslim in 749 . During the caliphate of al-Mansūr , two sons of ʿAbdallāh, Muhammad an-Nafs al- Zakīya and his brother Ibrāhīm, gathered followers but remained in hiding. To force the two to come out, the caliph had all the Hasanids seized in Medina and chained to Iraq. There he had some of them whipped and imprisoned, others beheaded or buried alive.
This eventually forced the two brothers to step forward. In the second half of the year they carried out a large-scale uprising in Medina and Basra , in which they were supported by the Zaidis . The uprising of Muhammad and Ibrāhīm was suppressed only a few months later, but a third son of ʿAbdallāh, Idrīs, managed to evade the western Maghreb and establish a Hasanid state there in 789 with the support of indigenous Berber tribes . His descendants, the Idrisids , ruled over large areas of what is now Morocco until the beginning of the 10th century. A fourth son of ʿAbdallāh, Yaḥyā, finally rebelled against the Abbasid caliph Hārūn ar-Raschīd in 792 in Dailam .
Later Hasanid dynasties
With the support of the Zaidis, the Hasanids founded two imamates in the northern Iranian Tabaristan south of the Caspian Sea and in the Yemeni city of Saada in the second half of the 9th century . A Hasanid named Jafar also gained control of Mecca in the second half of the 10th century . His descendants, the so-called Sherif of Mecca , ruled the Holy City until 1925. Until the 14th century it also had a Zaidite orientation. The Meccan Sharif family also gave birth to the modern Hashimite dynasty , which still ruled Jordan today .
Descendants of the Idrisids, the so-called Hammudids , came to rule over various cities in Andalusia in the 11th century. From the end of the 13th century, several Hasanid families from the descendants of Muhammad an-Nafs al-Zakīya immigrated to the area of Sidschilmasa in the outer Maghreb . The many Sharīf families that still exist in Morocco today can be traced back to these families. The Moroccan dynasties of the Saadians (16th to 17th centuries) and Allawids (17th century to the present day) can also be traced back to the families.
literature
- G. Deverdun: Art. "Ḥasanī" in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition Vol. III, pp. 256-257.
- Richard T. Mortel: "Zaydi Shiʿism and the Ḥasanid Sharifs of Mecca." in International Journal of Middle East Studies 4 (1987) 455-472.
Individual evidence
- ↑ See Saleh Said Agha: The Revolution which toppled the Umayyads. Neither Arab nor Abbasid . Leiden 2005.
- ↑ Cf. Franz-Christoph Muth: The caliph al-Manṣūr in the beginning of his caliphate (136/754 to 145/762): from d. arab. Chronicle of aṭ-Tabarī trans. u. with histor. u. prosograph. Note provided . Frankfurt / Main 1988. pp. 91-112.
- ↑ See Abū l-Faraǧ al-Isfahānī: Maqātil aṭ-Ṭālibīyīn . Ed. as-Sayyid Ahmad Saqar. Beirut 1987. pp. 342-361.
- ↑ See W. Madelung: Art. "Yaḥyā b. ʿAbdallāh" in Encyclopaedia of Islam . Second edition. Vol. XI, pp. 242-243.