Hasenburg (Eichsfeld)
| Hasenburg | ||
|---|---|---|
_C.jpg) The Hasenburg (1940) with the Obermühle in the foreground |
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| Alternative name (s): | Asenberg, Asenburg | |
| Creation time : | around 1070 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Wall and moat remains | |
| Standing position : | Nobles, emperors, clericals | |
| Place: | Buhla | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 27 '4.7 " N , 10 ° 29' 3.7" E | |
| Height: | 487 m above sea level NHN | |
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The Hasenburg , also called Asenberg or Asenburg , was an important imperial castle on the mountain of the same name in the eastern district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia .
geography
The hilltop castle is at 487.4 m above sea level. NHN high Zeugenberg on the northern edge of the Bleicheröder mountains , about 9 km (as the crow flies) east-northeast of Worbis . Immediately adjacent villages are Wallrode in the north, Kraja (already in the Nordhausen district ) in the east, Buhla in the south and Haynrode in the west. The Krajaer Bach separates the southern Bleicheröder mountains on the Ziegenrück (460.8 m), the Hubenberg (453.1 m) and the Haarburg (453.1 m) from the isolated mountain peak.
description
The roughly triangular mountain plateau is referred to as a fortress by the high medieval fortification remains of the imperial castle Heinrich IV . The facility designed at this exposed place was already naturally secured by steep slopes, in addition to this a system of ramparts and ditches was created, the only access was from the south. A chamber gate measuring 6 × 2 m was uncovered in the access area . The Reichsburg concentrated on the southern part of the mountain, while the area adjacent to the north, which was also bordered by a fortification, consisted of residential and utility buildings (some with stone foundations), which can also be addressed as a castle. Dating: The unearthed findings were interpreted as the castle that was handed down during the Saxon War. The Hasenburg contributed a lot to the understanding of the high medieval fortress construction.
history
Archaeological exploration of the Hasenburg began as early as the 1960s. In the course of the excavations, numerous finds were unearthed that show the place as a hilltop settlement that has been continuously inhabited since the Stone Age over 4000 years ago and has been fortified since the Hallstatt period , which was repeatedly claimed by subsequent settlers. The edge areas in the valley and the slopes of the castle also had numerous sites. The tradition of a pagan sanctuary or cult site on the mountain of the gods , which was already widespread in the late Middle Ages, also suggested this, in the first written mention of the mountain around 1070/74 it is still called Asenberg , based on the Nordic Asen figures . Köhler suspects the emergence of the numerous hilltop settlements as a result of internal struggles between neighbors, less than an indication of the armed conflict between neighboring peoples.
The Franks occupied the mountain since the 7th century and used it as a border fortress against the Saxons . The high medieval finds confirm the battles of King Henry IV in the Saxon War with the rebellious Thuringians and Saxons, mentioned in the chronicle of Lambert von Hersfeld . The Hasenburg served as an imperial castle in a system of fortifications to secure the crown property around the Harz Mountains and to strengthen central power. Since the castle could not be conquered by the rebels because of its location on the steep summit and the fortifications, it was besieged and forced to give up. For the purpose of the siege, the Harburg was built on a neighboring mountain peak . The time when the castle was destroyed can be narrowed down to the year 1074 from the evidence.
After the castle was destroyed by a major fire (the majority of the buildings consisted of wood and timber framing), the castle was still occupied until the 13th century, which indicates a partial reconstruction. In this context, the castle was mentioned again in 1075 as castellum Asenberg . Even in later times, the residents used the place as a refuge during raids. In the 16th century, the Hasenburg area was owned by the Counts of Hohnstein . This enfeoffed the lords of Bültzingslöwen with the rabbit castle and all its accessories and justice, as they had previously held by the lords of Asla and Osterode.
archeology
A bronze belt buckle plate dates from the 11th century from the imperial castle built by King Heinrich IV in 1070. The two blue and red enameled lion heads on the plate testify to the quality of medieval handicrafts.
Todays use
The castle site is a protected ground monument . The area in question is used for agriculture and forestry and is freely accessible to visitors.
literature
- Paul Grimm , Wolfgang Timpel: "(42) Hasenburg" - The prehistoric and early historical fortifications of the Worbis district . In: Eichsfelder Heimathefte . Special edition (1966). Heiligenstadt 1966.
- Thomas Bienert: "Hasenburg Ruin" - Medieval castles in Thuringia . Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-631-1 , p. 36-37 .
- Michael Köhler: "Hasenburg" - Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces . Jenzig-Verlag, Jena 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , p. 128-129 .
- Michael Köhler: Iron Age and medieval settlement remains from the east side of the Hasenburg near Haynrode, Kr. Worbis . In: Eichsfelder Heimathefte . Issue 2. Heiligenstadt 1990, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , p. 99-115 .
- "(81) Hasenburg" - Hesse and Thuringia. From the beginning to the Reformation. In: Historical Commission for Hessen (Hrsg.): Catalog to the exhibition of the state of Hessen . Marburg 1992, ISBN 3-89258-018-9 , pp. 98-99 .
- Hermann Großler : A family register carved into the rock near Naumburg. In: AfLVK Provinz Sachsen etc. Vol. 1, 1891, p. 150 ff. - LV 258.
- Karl Peter Lepsius: Contributions to Thuringian-Saxon history and German art and antiquity . 2 vol. 1854, p. 195
- Descriptive representation of older architectural and artistic monuments of the Province of Saxony etc . Dd. 1/4, pp. 122-125. 1882 ff.
- Erich Heinze: The development of the Pfalzgrafschaft Saxony. In: Saxony-Anhalt I, 1925.
- Rudolf Pörtner : The Roman Empire of the Germans. Munich 1970.
- Volker Schimpff: Comments on the early medieval Hasenburg area. In: Alt-Thüringen 41 (2008/9) , pp. 229-239. (pdf; 976 kB)
Web links
- Reconstruction drawing by Wolfgang Braun
- Belt fitting with enamelled lion heads, Hasenburg near Haynrode, photographer: Hauke Arnold, © TLDA
- Hasenburg on alleburgen.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Information board on the castle grounds
- ↑ Levin von Wintzingeroda-Knorr : Die Wüstungen des Eichsfeldes: Directory of the desert areas, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of law and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt, Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen and Worbis. Göttingen (O. Hendel) 1903, p. 566