Haubarg
A Haubarg , rarely also Hauberg (not to be confused with the Hauberg forest management system ), is the typical farmhouse on the Eiderstedt peninsula . It came in the late 16th century together with West Frisian immigrants who brought the Gulfhaus building type with them, and it proved itself as a farmhouse until the late 19th century.
The word "Haubarg" refers to a place for collecting (stacking) hay. For centuries, humans and animals lived under one roof in hooded barrels, albeit in separate rooms.
construction
Haubarge have a rectangular floor plan , only square with the four-column Haubarg . These are post constructions in which the house is mainly supported by four, six or eight, in rare cases that are no longer preserved, ten posts, which are connected by longitudinal and transverse beams (purlins). Among other things, this construction method helps make the house resistant to the forces of nature, especially storms and the resulting storm surges. Even if a storm surge crushes the walls, the studs still hold the roof. The basic structure of the house remains undamaged. This construction method also made it easier to renew the masonry, which began to salt out after about 100 years and therefore had to be replaced.
Each four uprights form a square in the middle of the hood , in which the straw that came after threshing was stored. Arranged around it are the loo , where threshing took place, living rooms ( kebabs ) and sleeping pens ( alcoves ) for the servants, together with the stables for the horses ( peerboos ), cattle ( boos ) and small cattle. The large farmer and his family had his bedchamber in wall beds (alcoves) in the so-called “pesel”, which could even be heated, while the servants were only warmed by the cattle and the stored straw and hay. The hay that gave the house type its name was stored over the boos , while grain was stored over the living area of the house. Above the loo, the sheaves of the harvest that had not been threshed lay on a kind of slatted floor. When the harvest was not taking place, the loo served as a carriage shed.
Another feature is the often 15 or 20 meters high, with thatch -covered roof under which the hay is stored for the winter.
location
As long as the coast guard was still insufficient, Haubarge were to protect against flooding due to storm surges on mounds built. Up until the 18th century, Haubarge were built in a west-east orientation, then mostly in a south-north orientation for reasons of representation.
Younger past and present
Haubarge have not been rebuilt since around 1900. When the then Adolf-Hitler-Koog was diked in Dithmarschen during the National Socialist era in order to create a Germanic model settlement there, the houses built were based on the Haubarg, which was completely atypical for Dithmarschen.
In 1860 there were still 360 Haubarge, in 2008 only about 100 remain. If Haubarge were originally built for their economic expediency, they have now become too expensive for their agricultural owners. The thatched roof in particular, which is often around 1,000 m² in size, is very expensive to maintain. That is why most farmers switch to other buildings for their business. The Haubarge are passed on to other owners, mostly outside of the city, who will keep the facade, but often make extensive alterations to the interior for other uses. Individual Haubarge in private ownership can also be viewed from the inside.
The most famous historical Haubarg is the Rote Haubarg , with 99 windows, near Witzwort . In addition to gastronomy in the historical rooms, it also includes a museum that gives an insight into the living and working world of the former residents. The Tofthof in Westerhever is one of the few Haubarge farms that were still used for agriculture in 2005. The sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies was born in the Haubarg Die Riep near Oldenswort . Another well-preserved Haubarg open to the public is the Mars-Skipper-Hof in Kotzenbüll .
Outside Eiderstedt there is a rebuilt Haubarg made of Witzwort today in the Molfsee open-air museum near Kiel. One of the oldest Haubarge ( Gården Rothelau ) near Tönnings was acquired by the Danish National Museum in 1956 and has been installed in the open-air museum in Lyngby , Denmark since 1960 . Another Haubarg outside Eiderstedt, which is now used as a residential building, is on the North Sea island of Föhr. It is estimated by the owners to be at least 200 years old.
literature
- Ludwig Fischer: Haubarge. Has a farmhouse shape run down? , Bredstedt 1984, 4th ed. 1991 (publications of the interest group building maintenance e. V., vol. 1).
- Otto S. Knottnerus: Haubarg, Barghaus, Bargscheune and their medieval predecessors: Materials on the prehistory of the Gulfscheune . In: Problems of coastal research in the southern North Sea region 32 (2008), pp. 105–125, also in: Der Maueranker: Baupflege in Nordfriesland, Dithmarschen and fishing 30 (October 2011), volume 3, pp. 7–29 ( bibliography online ) .
- Rolf Kuschert: The Red Haubarg. Monument and museum in Witzwort in the landscape of Eiderstedt , Husum 1990, 4th edition 1996 (writings of the district archive of North Friesland Castle in front of Husum, Volume 13).
Web links
- The red hooded coffin
- Drei Haubarge ( memento of March 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) in Welt
- The Haubarg in the Frilandsmuseet in Denmark