Crested tit
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Crested tit ( Lophophanes cristatus ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lophophanes cristatus | ||||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1758) |
The Haubenmeise ( Lophophanes cristatus , Syn. : Parus cristatus ; to Latin crista , comb ') is a bird art in the family of tits (Paridae). These songbirds are widespread and frequent breeding and annual birds in Central Europe .
description
The crested tit is eleven to twelve centimeters long. The males weigh an average of 11.5 grams and the females 10.8 grams. Characteristic is the black and white patterned spring hood , which is slightly bent forward and which can also be put on. The top is gray-brown, the head and neck sides are white, framed in a crescent-shaped black band beginning behind the eye. The throat is black. The underside is dirty white, the flanks cream-colored and the upper side brown. The most common call is an unmistakable, rolling "zizigürrrr" or "gürrrr". The singing is ringing and oscillates between three pitches.
nutrition
The crested tit feeds mainly on arthropods (arthropods) in spring and summer , and from late summer also on seeds , especially conifers .
distribution and habitat
The crested tit is a breeding bird of the Western Palearctic . It occurs in the boreal and temperate zones and in the south partly in mountainous regions. The distribution area extends from Portugal and Spain to the Urals. A distribution island can be found in the north of Great Britain. The species is also found in Fennoscandinavia and in western Russia up to the Arctic Circle. The southern limit of distribution runs through the south of Spain and France along the southern Alps and the mountains of Greece, Bulgaria and the Ukraine.
The species is a resident bird and is most likely to be found in coniferous forests , but can also occur in mixed forests , beech stands or parks and gardens rich in coniferous wood . It prefers stands with a lot of rotten wood and branches that extend deep down. In southern Europe it also inhabits oak stocks .
Reproduction
The nest is created by the female in self-carved, woodpecker-like caves in rotten trees or tree stumps made of moss , lichen , animal and plant wool and cobwebs. Artificial nest boxes are apparently only accepted in exceptional cases; then nesting devices made from logs seem to be preferred. The female lays four to eight spotted eggs, which it incubates for 13 to 16 days. In time it is fed by the male. After that, the young are fed for around 18 to 22 days in the nest and for around three weeks after the excursion by both parents. The season for one annual brood or, if it is lost, for a possible additional clutch is from March to June.
supporting documents
literature
- Hans-Günther Bauer, Einhard Bezzel and Wolfgang Fiedler (eds.): The compendium of birds in Central Europe: Everything about biology, endangerment and protection. Volume 2: Passeriformes - passerine birds. Aula-Verlag Wiebelsheim, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-89104-648-0 .
- Urs N. Glutz von Blotzheim (Hrsg.): Handbook of the birds of Central Europe . Edited by Urs N. Glutz von Blotzheim and Kurt M. Bauer, among others. Volume 13 / I, Passeriformes (4th part), Muscicapidae - Paridae . Aula-Verlag, Wiesbaden 1993, pp. 482-523. ISBN 3-89104-022-9 .
Web links
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Lophophanes cristatus in the Internet Bird Collection
- Entry at the Swiss Ornithological Institute
- Age and gender characteristics (PDF; 2.3 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta and Gerd-Michael Heinze (English)
- Crested tit feathers
- Lophophanes cristatus inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Listed by: BirdLife International, 2012. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
Single receipts
- ↑ Bauer et al., P. 109
- ↑ Martin Flade: The breeding bird communities of Central and Northern Germany - Basics for the use of ornithological data in landscape planning . IHW-Verlag, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-930167-00-X , p. 552