Heinrich Bebel

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Register of the University of Krakow "Henricus de Bevinden" right column, third entry from the bottom
This is how one has to imagine a lecture by Heinrich Bebel in 1519
Heinrich Bebel's coat of arms as "poeta laureatus", 1501

Heinrich Bebel (mostly Böbel in the Justinger Urbaren and deeds ) ( Latinized Henricus Bebelius ; * mid- 1473 in Ingstetten near Justingen ; † March 31, 1518 in Tübingen ) was a German poet of Renaissance humanism .

Origin and family

The “Böbel” family can be traced back to the rulership of Justingen, especially in the village of Ingstetten, until the early 15th century. His grandfather Heinrich Bebels is known by name, also with his first name Heinrich, who died of the plague in 1495. In particular, the land registers of the Justingen Empire contain valuable information on other members of the “Böbel” family. The father Haintz Böbel must have had at least one brother NN, because in the Justinger camp books are recorded a Jörg Böbel (named 1497–1542) and a Ludwig Böbel (named 1503–1532); these were probably cousins ​​of Heinrich Bebel. Heinrich Bebels' discovered uncle, whose name is unknown, is likely to be identical to a person in Bebel's autobiographical piece “Comoedia de optimo studio iuvenum”. Here Heinrich Bebel has an uncle named "Cacobius" (from Greek κακό βίος = "bad life") appear. Jörg and Ludwig Böbel may not have had any sons: Jörg Böbel's successor to the court was Hans Herb, who may have married a daughter of Jörg Böbel before 1576. The first name "Ludwig" appears again in the next generation of the son of Wolfgang Böbel, who studied medicine. After that, Wolfgang Böbel would have used the first name of his cousin Ludwig Böbel for his son. Walther Ludwig, on the other hand, suspects that Ludwig, son of Wolfgang Bebel, took the first name of the brother of his maternal great-grandmother, Dr. Ludwig Vergenhans received; he was Württemberg chancellor under Count Eberhard im Bart.

Unfortunately, many of the archives in the Justingen Palace archive were spoiled or otherwise perished: we only have mentions of an "Engelbert Böbel" around 1500 and a "Hans Bebel called Gaicht" who was a resident of the Justingen estate in 1583. Around 1600 the family name “Böbel” finally disappears from the Justingen rule.

Heinrich Bebel was born in Ingstetten in 1472 or mid-1473 as the son of the farmer and mayor "Haintz" Böbel. The presumed place of birth is Ingstetten, although this cannot be clearly determined either from the archives or from Bebel's works. But the triple mention of the small town of Ingstetten (the "Comoedia de optimo studio iuvenum" partly takes place in the town) in his works and the archival evidence that most of the members of the Böbel family were based in Ingstetten, allows the conclusion that he Ingstetter was.

His father moved to Schelklingen between 1475 and 1486 when Heinrich was between three and fourteen years old; most likely in 1478/80, when Heinrich was six to eight years old. His father becomes a citizen of Schelklingen and receives fiefdoms from the Urspring Monastery. The real reason for this move from Ingstetten seems to have been the second marriage of his father. The father married NN Myer, daughter of Konrad ("Cuntz") Myer from Schelklingen. The warehouse book of the Justingen rule of 1497 names "Haintz Böbel zu Schälcklingen"; He paid a gulden to the rulers, presumably in order to obtain certain rights in Ingstetten or in return for permission to move away. The father Haintz Böbel is still listed in the land registers of the Urspring Monastery: although the Urspringer land register from 1475 does not name him yet, he is recorded in the land register from 1486 . In 1486 he owned the fiefdom, which Haintz Pfortzer held in 1475. His father-in-law, Cůntz Myer, was himself a tenant of the Urspring Monastery in 1486. Between 1486 and 1502, after the presumed death of his father-in-law, Haintz Böbel also took over the fief of his father-in-law Cůntz Myer. In the renovation of 1502 he is mentioned as the owner of the fiefs of Haintz Pfortzers and Cůntz Myers.

In 1491 Heinrich Bebel's brother Wolfgang was probably born in Schelklingen . He was 18 years younger than his brother Heinrich.

The father Haintz Böbel is mentioned in a single document from the Urspring Monastery when he defeated the nun Märgel von Welden in 1492 in a dispute between the Schelkling residents and the Urspring Monastery over the night pasture. He should be punished by the authorities.

The father Haintz Böbel died in 1508, probably in Schelklingen.

School education

After the Böbel family moved to Schelklingen between 1475 and 1486, it was obvious that Heinrich Bebel attended the Latin school in Schelklingen in the 1480s. The fact that there was such an educational institution in the small town may have been due to the resident noble families ( von Stadion , von Wernau , von Freyberg ). The nearby Urspring Monastery brought the Schelklingen citizens into frequent contact with the Swabian lower nobility, not least because the original chaplains who looked after the family altars of the aristocratic families in Urspring lived in Schelklingen. You can also find Schelklingen citizen sons in the university registers, who probably acquired the beginnings of Latin in Schelklingen.

At the age of 19 he began his studies in 1492 at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow with Laurentius Corvinus . In 1495 he left Cracow.

From 1494 to 1495 he studied with Sebastian Brant at Basel .

Working life

In 1496 Heinrich Bebel started his own journalistic activity. In the same year he published the "Cosmographie" of his teacher Laurentius Corvinus. In 1496 he published his first poetic work “Distichon ad Musam | […] | Carmina [...] ".

In 1497 he provided the pastor's office in Justingen “probably during the time that Johannes Stöffler was setting up his astronomical clock in the Minster in Constance”.

In 1497 he received the chair of oratorios (rhetoric) at the University of Tübingen and was professor of poetry and eloquence. He held this position all his life. It was poorly paid, probably one of the reasons for Heinrich Bebel's tireless publication activity. In 1515 he published one of his main works, the "Triumphus Veneris".

Heinrich Bebel was also often on the move, although the few places of residence interspersed in his writings only indicate a low lower limit for his travel activities. In 1499 he spent the holidays in Schelklingen with his family and his brother Wolfgang, who was eight years old at that time ("Ex Scheklingen (sic!) Oppido M.CCCC.XC.IX" (= 1499)).

In 1500 he stayed at the University of Basel.

In 1501 he gave a speech in Innsbruck in praise of Emperor Maximilian , and was then crowned poeta laureatus by the Emperor and presented with a poet's coat of arms.

In 1502 Heinrich Bebel was with relatives in Ingstetten and from there wrote a letter in Latin verse to his pupil Johannes Brassicanus .

Also in 1502 in Ingstetten, where he had fled from the plague, he began work on “Thriumphus Veneris”. The text of “Thriumphus Veneris” ends with the comment “Ex Ingsteten villa tempore pestis” (from the village of Ingstetten at the time of the plague).

In 1507 he was in Aachen.

Heinrich Bebel died in Tübingen on March 31, 1518 at the age of 45.

Heinrich Bebel was a frequent and welcome guest in the Adelberg , Zwiefalten and Bebenhausen monasteries .

Heinrich Bebel remained unmarried in all probability.

Bebel as editor

Bebel brought the manuscript “Cosmographia […]” of his teacher Laurentius Corvinus with him to Basel from Krakow , which he published there and had it printed there in 1496 by Nikolaus Kessler. In Tübingen he edited the treatise of the theologian Thomas Plantsch "Opusculum [...]" (printed by Thomas Anshelm in Pforzheim). This consisted of the sermons that Plantsch had given on the occasion of the first burning of witches in Tübingen in 1505.

Honors

In 1501 he was crowned " poeta laureatus " by King Maximilian I in Innsbruck and awarded a poet's coat of arms. On this occasion, Bebel gave a speech in praise of Maximilian, which appeared in print in 1504.

effect

Heinrich Bebel's collection of facets and his dictionary of proverbs “Prouerbia germanica…” had the most lasting effects . Its faceties were taken up by the poets of the 16th century Jörg Wickram and Hans Wilhelm Kirchhof and are a source of the moral history around 1500. The mocking anecdotes convey an impression of the aversion and hatred of the peasant population at the end of the 15th century for the clergy, the monasteries and the nobility, whose "unfounded", exploitative and wasteful behavior was denounced in the form of spotter stories. This subliminal antipathy of the peasants towards the "first estate" finally discharged in the Reformation and the peasants' war .

Works

Heinrich Bebel as editor

  • Laurentius Corvinus: Cosmographia dans manductionem in | tabulas ptholemei […] | vna cum nonnullis epigrammatibus et carminibus. Nik. Kessler, Basel 1496. [1] (Copy from the Saxon State Library - Dresden State and University Library Call number: Ink.324.4: 2)
  • Martin Plantsch: Opusculum de sagis ma | leficis Martini Splash Concio | natoris tubingensis. Thomas Anshelm, Pforzheim 1507.

Heinrich Bebel as author (selection)

  • Distichon ad Musam | […] | Carmina [...] . Reutlingen: Michael Greiff, 1496.
  • Commentaria Epistolarum | conficiendarum | Contra epistolandi modos Pontij et aliorum | […] | Commentaria de Abusione linguae latinae apud germanos et de pro = | prietate eius dem | Vocabularius optimarum dictionem | [...] . Strasbourg: Johannes Grüninger, 1503. (Comments on the letter. Against […])
  • Comoedia de optimo studio iuvenum . Pforzheim: Thomas Anshelm, 1504 [Comedy about the best kind of study for young people], performed in 1501 in Tübingen
  • Oratio ad regem Maximilianum de laudibus atque amplitudine Germaniae . Pforzheim: Thomas Anshelm, 1504 [Speech to King Maximilian about the fame and the greatness of Germany]
  • Ars versificandi et carminum condendorum […] . Pforzheim: Thomas Anshelm, 1506 and many later reprints [art of forging verses and composing songs]
  • In hoc libro continetur haec Bebeliana opuscula noua et adolescentiae labores. […] | Libri facetiarum iucundissimi […] | Prouerbia germanica in latinitatem reducta | […] Elegia hecatosticha de institutione vite Bebelii pestis | Tubing grassaretur. MDII. | Cantio vernacula | [...] . Strasbourg: Johannes Grüninger, 1508. [This book continues Bebel's small works and youth work […] | Books sweet facetia […] | German proverbs retransmitted in Latin | […] Elegy of a hundred verses about the state of Bebels life when the plague was rampant in Tübingen | Folk song [...]]
  • Opera Bebeliana sequentia | Triumphus Veneris sex libris conscriptus […]. Hecatostichon de victoria Caesaris Bohemica […] . Pforzheim: Thomas Anshelm, 1509 (Bebel's continued works: Triumph of Venus in six books […]. A hundred verses on the victory of the Bohemian King […])

Modern text editions

A historical-critical complete edition of Heinrich Bebel's works is still missing , as was warned by Johannes Haller in 1929. Only a few authors have taken the trouble to edit selected texts by Bebel and translate them into German.

  • Angres, Marcel (ed.) (2003), Thriumphus Veneris: An allegorical epic by Heinrich Bebel . Edition, translation and commentary. Münster: LIT Verlag (Hamburg Contributions to Neo-Latin Philology, Vol. 4). ISBN 3-8258-6689-0 .
  • Barner, Wilfried (Ed.) (1982), Heinrich Bebel: Comoedia de optimo studio iuvenum. About the best way to study for young people. Stuttgart: Philipp Reclam jun. ISBN 3-15-007837-7 .
  • Bebermeyer, Gustav (Ed.) (1931), Heinrich Bebels Facetien: Drei Bücher. Historical-critical edition of… Leipzig: Verlag Karl W. Hiersemann (library of the literary society in Stuttgart, seat Tübingen, vol. CCLXXVI) (reprint Hildesheim: Olms, 1967).
  • Fuhrmann, Manfred (Ed.); Heinrich Bebel (2005), Faceties: three books . Translated u. introduced by Manfred Fuhrmann. Konstanz and Eggingen: Edition Isele (Bibliotheca Suevica, Vol. 13). ISBN 3-86142-278-6 .
  • Suringar, Willem HD (Ed.) (1879), Proverbia Germanica [Heinrich Bebel's Proverbia Germanica] . Leiden: Brill (Reprinted by Hildesheim: Olms, 1969).
  • Wesselski, Albert (Ed.) (1907), Heinrich Bebels Schwänke: For the first time published in full transcription from… 2 vols. Munich and Leipzig: Georg Müller.
  • Zinsmaier, Thomas (ed.); Heinrich Bebel (2007), Patriotic Writings: six writings on Germans, Swiss and Swabians . Translates, explains and introduced by Thomas Zinsmaier. Konstanz and Eggingen: Edition Isele (Bibliotheca Suevica, Vol. 22). ISBN 978-3-86142-415-4 .

Literature (selection; the secondary literature on Heinrich and Wolfgang Bebel already comprises over 100 titles)

  • Stephanie Altrock (2009), Clever storytelling in the early modern era: Heinrich Bebel's faceties and their German translation. Cologne: Böhlau. ISBN 978-3-412-20434-1 .
  • Thomas Baier (2019), Heinrich Bebel in Ingstetten: Home as Exile. In: Francesco Furlan, Gabriel Siemoneit and Hartmut Wulfram (ed.), Exile and Far Away from Home in the Literature of Humanism from Petrarch to the beginning of the 16th century . (NeoLatina, vol. 30). Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto Verlag, pp. 459–477.
  • Gustav Bauch (1883), Laurentius Corvinus, the Breslau town clerk and humanist. His life and his writings. Journal of the Association for the History and Antiquity of Silesia . Breslau: Josef Max & Komp., Vol. 17, pp. 231-302. (P. 240 Heinrich Bebel in Krakow)
  • Binder, Helmut (1977), Heinrich Bebel. Humanist and poet, professor of eloquence and poetry at the University of Tübingen. Around 1472-1518, pp. 25-51. In: Robert Uhland (ed.), Life pictures from Swabia and Franconia . Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer.
  • Carl Joachim Classen (1997a), On Heinrich Bebel's Life and Writings . Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (News from the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen. I. Philological-Historical Class. 1997. No. 1).
  • Carl Joachim Classen (1997b), Bebel (Heinrich) (1473-1518). In: Colette Nativel (ed.), Centuriae Latinae: Cent une figures humanistes de la Renaissance aux Lumières offertes à Jacques Chomarat . (Travaux d'Humanisme et Renaissance, No CCCXIV.) Genève: Librairie Droz, pp. 91-96.
  • Johannes Haller (1927), The Beginnings of the University of Tübingen 1477–1537: To celebrate the 450th anniversary of the University on behalf of its great Senate, presented by ... Part 1: Presentation. Part 2: Evidence and explanations . Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer (reprint Aalen: Scientia Verlag, 1970).
  • Johannes Haller (1929), Heinrich Bebel as a German poet. Journal for German Antiquity and German Literature (Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung), pp. 51–54.
  • Heinrich Hermelink (Ed.) (1906), The matriculations of the University of Tübingen. Vol. 1: The registers from 1477–1600 . Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer.
  • Klaus Kipf (2017), Heinrich Bebel, the Tübingen poetics lecturer, and his “Swabian Schwänke”. In: Jörg Robert et al. (Ed.), "A Father of the New Age: Reuchlin, the Jews and the Reformation". Tübingen: Stadtmuseum Tübingen (Tübingen catalogs, vol. 104), pp. 68–79, ISBN 978-3-941818-33-0 .
  • Wilhelm Kühlmann, Robert Seidel and Hermann Wiegand (eds.) (1997), "Humanistic poetry of the 16th century: Latin and German". (Library of the early modern period, vol .: 5). Frankfurt am Main: Deutscher Klassiker-Verlag, pp. 204–211.
  • Sönke Lorenz (2010), Heinrich Bebel or Tübingen early humanism before Melanchthon. In: Sönke Lorenz (Ed.), From student of Burse to “Germany's teacher”: Philipp Melanchthon in Tübingen; [... on the occasion of the exhibition “From student of Burse to teacher in Germany - Philipp Melanchthon in Tübingen”, April 24th - July 18th 2010] . Tübingen: Stadtmuseum (publications of the Alemannic Institute Freiburg i. Br., Vol. 78), pp. 117-137, ISBN 978-3-941818-00-2 .
  • Walther Ludwig (1995), the brother of the humanist Heinrich Bebel and the Tübingen professor Konrad Ebinger. Südwestdeutsche Blätter für Familien- und Wappenkunde (published by the Association for Family and Heraldry in Württemberg and Baden, Stuttgart) vol. 21, pp. 248-252.
  • Dieter Mertens (1983), "Bebelius ... patriam Sueviam ... restituit": The poeta laureatus between empire and territory. Journal for Württemberg State History Vol. 42, pp. 145–173 ( full text )
  • Dieter Mertens (2008), Art. "Bebel, Heinrich". In: Franz Josef Worstbrock (ed.), German Humanism 1480–1520: Author's Lexicon. Vol. 1: A-K , pp. 142-163. Berlin and New York: de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-020639-5 .
  • Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Historii; wydali Antoni Gąsiorowski, Tomasz Jurek and Izabela Skierska (2011), Najstarsza księga promocji wydziału of Fine Uniwersytetu Krakowskiego z lat 1402-1541 (Antiquissimus liber promotionum Facultatis Arts in Universitate Cracoviensi a. 1402-1541) . Warszawa: Instytut Historii PAN, ISBN 978-83-88909-91-7 ; 83-88909-91-6. (P. 92 No. 36 and P. 106 (facsimile): "Henricus de Bevinden").
  • Franz Rothenbacher (Ed.) (2006), The camp book of the Reichsherrschaft Justingen from 1497 . Mannheim: Franz Rothenbacher. [2]
  • Franz Rothenbacher (2016), The Anton Kley Collection: old valuable books by Heinrich Bebel, Johannes Stöffler, Caspar von Schwenckfeld and other authors related to Justingen . Mannheim: Franz Rothenbacher. [3]
  • Albert Schilling (1881), The Reichsherrschaft Justingen: A Contribution to the History of Alb and Upper Swabia . Stuttgart: Self-published by the author.
  • Albert Wesselski (1907), Heinrich Bebels Schwänke: For the first time in full transcription, ed. of ... . 2 vols. Munich and Leipzig: Georg Müller.
  • Georg Wilhelm Zapf (1802), Heinrich Bebel after his life and writings: A contribution to the older literature and scholarly history of Swabia . Augsburg: At the expense of the author and on commission from Joh. Georg Christoph Braun (reprint: Leipzig: Zentralantiquariat, 1973) [4] .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Historii; wydali Antoni Gąsiorowski, Tomasz Jurek, and Izabela Skierska 2011, p. 106 (facsimile)
  2. ↑ Source: Heinrich Bebel, Ars versificandi et carminum condendorum cum quantitatibus syllabarum Henrici Bebelii Justingensis Poete Laureati: Denuo et exactissime per auctore correcta, cum additionibus multis. Nuremberg: Joannis Stuchs, 1519, title page.
  3. ↑ The reported Bebel Kenner Classen (1997b: 91) claimed as birth in 1473 ( "et non 1472") and Mertens (2008: column 143) specified in the middle of the 1473rd
  4. ↑ For the genealogy of the “Bebel” family see the family tree of the Bebel family in Rothenbacher 2016, p. 74f .; Heinrich Bebel's most recent comprehensive presentation is Mertens 2008.
  5. ↑ Wesselski 1907, vol. 1, p. IV: the date of death in 1495 was incorrectly referred to the father instead of the grandfather of Heinrich Bebel.
  6. ↑ The following argument is based on Rothenbacher 2016, p. 74f.
  7. ↑ Barner 1982, p. 29ff.
  8. ↑ Walther Ludwig 1995, p. 252.
  9. ↑ Mertens 2008, column 143; Classen 1997: pp. 3-6.
  10. ↑ HSTA Stuttgart H 129 vol. 180, fol. 22 u. 31st edition: Rothenbacher 2006.
  11. ↑ HStA Stuttgart H 234 Vol. 5, Schelklingen, Entry No. 27.
  12. ↑ HStA Stuttgart H 234 Vol. 6, Schelklingen, Entry No. 86.
  13. ↑ HStA Stuttgart H 234 Vol. 8, Schelklingen, Entry No. 76.
  14. ↑ HStA Stuttgart H 234 vol. 6, Schelklingen, entry no. 54.
  15. ↑ HStA Stuttgart H 234 vol. 6, Schelklingen, entry no. 54 u. 86.
  16. ↑ HStA Stuttgart H 234 vol. 8, Schelklingen, entry no. 76.
  17. ↑ Eberl 1978a, p. 88f. u. Eberl 1978b, No. 608 p. 268.
  18. ↑ Wesselski 1907, Vol. 1, p. IV; Haller 1927, part 1, p. 212; Part 2, p. 77 *; Zapf 1802, p. 62f.
  19. ↑ Schilling 1881, p. 144.
  20. ↑ Schilling 1881, p. 144.
  21. ↑ Mertens 2008, column 143; Wesselski 1907, Vol. 1, SV
  22. ↑ See under works.
  23. ↑ Schilling 1881, p. 144.
  24. ↑ Schilling 1881, p. 145; Oratio ad regem Maximilianum de laudibus atque amplitudine Germaniae . Pforzheim: Thomas Anshelm, 1504.
  25. ↑ Schilling 1881, p. 145.
  26. ↑ Schilling 1881, p. 145.
  27. ^ Translation and reprint of the letter in Schilling 1881, pp. 145f; Edition and translation in Kühlmann, Seidel and Wiegand 1997, pp. 204–211; see. recently Baier 2019.
  28. ↑ Angres 2003, pp. 8, 14 and 21st
  29. ↑ Wesselski (1907), vol. 1 p. XVII and Vol. 2 Facetie 41.
  30. ↑ According to Schilling 1881, p. 147, Bebel died in Blaubeuren in 1516, where he had fled from the plague.
  31. ↑ According to Schilling 1881, p. 146.
  32. ↑ Oratio ad regem Maximilianum…; Edition in Zinsmaier and Bebel 2007, pp. 7–63.
  33. ↑ Many monasteries were reformed in the late 15th century; for the events in the Heinrich Bebel monastery, Urspring, cf. Gredanna von Freyberg
  34. ↑ The impoverishment and the sliding of the lower nobility into robber baronism.
  35. ↑ Haller 1929, p. 54.
personal data
SURNAME Bebel, Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German poet of humanism
DATE OF BIRTH 1472 or mid-1473
PLACE OF BIRTH Ingstetten near Justingen
DATE OF DEATH March 31, 1518
Place of death Tübingen