Heinrich New

Heinrich Neu (born May 11, 1906 in Schwarzrheindorf ; died July 20, 1976 in Bonn ) was a German art historian and professor at the Rhineland University of Education in Cologne . From 1928 to 1945 he worked on behalf of the provincial administration of the Rhine Province on the creation of the series Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz . After the end of the Second World War , he had been a member of the college of the Cologne University of Education since it was founded.

Life

origin

The Catholic Heinrich Neu was the son of the bank clerk from Lommersdorf near Blankenheim in the Eifel and later head of the Rheindorfer Sparkasse Johann Neu (1862-1937) and his wife Johanna Neu from Aachen, née Unverfetern (1872-1947). In particular, his father's origins, Lommersdorf was once the main town of the Duchy of Arenberg with its seat in Aremberg not far from it , shaped his further professional development and influenced his focus of interest: the history of the Eifel, the ruling dynasties resident in this region and, in particular, the Arenberg family . New parents' house stood opposite the double church in Schwarzrheindorf , to which he dedicated several essays as well as his place of birth. His ancestors were farmers, merchants and artisans. So they came from a rural-bourgeois class, who traditionally and based on their life experience tended more towards practical occupational fields than scientific activities.

education

Heinrich Neu first attended elementary school in his native Schwarzrheindorf and then switched to the Royal High School in Bonn. For economic reasons he was forced to drop out of school in 1922. The daily increasing tariff and the school fees increasingly developed into a financial problem. He continued his education in the self-learning system and on March 25, 1924, passed the certificate of maturity as an external student at the Schiller-Gymnasium in Cologne-Ehrenfeld . In Bonn he met Theodor Litt and the folklorist Josef Müller , who aroused his first spiritual and historical ambitions.

By passing the Abitur he started with the improving economic conditions to study at the University in Bonn , with a double major in history , Latin and German . In history were Aloys Schulte , Wilhelm Levison and Fritz Kern his teachers, Conrad Cichorius in ancient history. Otto Wenig mentions other important professors for Heinrich Neu: Friedrich Marx , Anton Elter , Christian Jensen , Ernst Bickel , Friedrich Oertel , Alfred Wiedemann and Heinrich Goussen . In the field of German studies he heard lectures by Oskar Walzel and Rudolf Meißner . Neu himself said that he was particularly inspired by the Schulte College on German Constitutional History and the seminars by Kern and Levinson. For him, Kern's seminar was of decisive importance. With him Neu was also on July 25, 1930 with the work The revolutionary movement on the German fleet 1917-1918 to the Dr. phil. PhD (oral doctoral examination June 12, 1929). With regard to his further work, he received decisive impulses from Hermann Aubin and his assistant Franz Steinbach , who were his academic teachers at the Institute for Historical Regional Studies of the Rhineland .

First professional steps

Economically and politically, Heinrich Neus started his professional life under bad omen. Through the first local historical publications on the Eifel region, he came into contact with Ernst Wackenroder , an employee of the inventory of art monuments in the Rhine Province, and through him with Paul Clemen . It was the beginning of his collaboration on the complete work Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz . His first involvement took place at the side of Wackenroder himself, the only permanent employee in the area of ​​monuments. From the end of 1928, Neu provided the historical descriptions of the Schleiden district, which appeared in 1932, for the locations in the southeastern district, which could roughly correspond to today's municipality of Blankenheim, and also read the entire correction. Clemen then offered Neu a delicate task due to the historical and political developments after the First World War , namely the processing of the former Prussian districts of Eupen and Malmedy . The work on this had already begun before the war by Heribert Reiners , but was not completed. Official bodies were not allowed to act here. The volume he edited from 1931 to 1933, Die Kunstdenkmäler von Eupen – Malmedy , was published in 1935 by Schwann on commission. Then Neu was supposed to work on a fee basis on the history of the Rhenish Republic and collect materials for this purpose. The center politician Wilhelm Hamacher acted as his client as a representative of the Rhine Province in the Reichsrat . A further treatment of the subject, which was definitely connected with the question of a discussion of the reform of the Reich , had to be omitted after the National Socialists came to power.

Inventory of monuments in the Rhine Province

On April 1, 1933, Heinrich Neu finally entered the service of the Rhenish Provincial Administration in order to work alongside Ernst Wackenroder as the second permanent employee of the art monuments recording in the major inventory project. Until 1943 he was involved in the creation of several volumes. In addition to site visits and inspection of all relevant works of art, the intensive occupation included archival research in numerous larger and smaller archives. The work was carried out on a very small budget and under great time pressure, which was exacerbated by the events of the Second World War. This was not only reflected in the loss of cultural assets that had been inventoried shortly before. For example, the second half-volume of the Mayen district in 1943 fell victim to the flames before its completion, when the completed set, including the clichés and other documents, was lost in an air raid at the Schwann printing house on June 12, 1943.

Second World War

After the provincial administration had been incorporated into the Upper Presidium of the Rhine Province in Koblenz during the Third Reich, Heinrich Neu was given the task of initiating the safeguarding of nationally valuable art monuments for the area of ​​the Koblenz administrative district as a result of the start of the war . First of all, all church and other bells had to be recorded and classified according to their worthwhile preservation. While Neu was passing an interpreting exam in French, he received a draft notice from the Military District Command VI in Bonn in March 1941 after these precautionary conservation measures had been completed. His position order saw the assignment as a letter checker of the prisoner-of-war mail of the Stalag VI-C in Bathorn in the Bourtanger Moor. The Bonn dean Johannes Hinsenkamp managed to move Neus to Bonn, where he was assigned to the AOPÜ in Koblenzer Straße (today Adenauerallee) as a war post evaluator, according to Neu, "the most hectic time of his life". In the face of the Allied troops approaching from the west, the "Hildegard" company was started on September 16, 1944, which provided for the destruction of all files and the departure. Postal surveillance should be reorganized in Hemer. With the occupation and the end of the war, Heinrich Neu fell into American captivity, from which he was released on May 27, 1945 near Andernach (Rasselstein hut). His thoughts were directed to the resumption of his occupation in the art monument inventory. The fundamentally changed situation in the now divided Germany caused a turning point in Neu's vita.

Pedagogical Academy Cologne

Under the leadership of the British occupation, the territory of which also included part of the previous Rhine Province as now the North Rhine Province , the Pedagogical Academies were to be rebuilt. Colonel McMillan on the part of the military administration and on his side Joseph Antz , as the responsible head of department in the Higher Presidium of the North Rhine Province, put together the teaching body. Josef Busley , who until 1934 was the state administrator of the provincial administration in Düsseldorf, head of the cultural and monument preservation department there, suggested Heinrich Neu, with whom he had worked on the inventory of monuments before the war. As a result, on April 1, 1946, Neu was appointed lecturer at the Pedagogical Academy in Cologne by Robert Lehr , the responsible High President of the Rhine Province. The academy opened its operations in Vogelsang near Cologne on October 18, 1946 and initially carried out a first emergency course, which, according to English standards, comprised one year of training, followed by another.

After being appointed professor on April 1, 1948, Neu was deputy director of the academy from 1949. First appointed, he was also elected to this position on January 29, 1954 after the introduction of the provisional statutes of the Pedagogical Academies of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia by Minister of Education Christine Teusch . The regional historical library of the Cologne Dept., the academy which originally began without literature, was essentially rebuilt. There he felt compelled to work on a completely new area for him: "The specialized didactics of history". While political history could be read again from 1948 onwards, Neu offered lectures on prehistory as well as an overview of the early and high Middle Ages in addition to the history of the Rhine, the history of Cologne and modern history (19th and 20th centuries). In 1957, the lack of space and equipment could be remedied by moving to Lindenthal .

From its establishment in 1958 until its dissolution in 1965, Heinrich Neu was a member of the university senate. The aim was to transform the pedagogical academies into scientific universities. During this time, the teaching staff elected Heinrich Neu in the academic year 1962/1963 as rector of the Pedagogical Academy in Cologne. In the period up to his retirement on September 30, 1974, he devoted himself increasingly to teaching. There was also the assumption of various functions. 1967 to 1971 senator of the institute, which has been operating as the Pedagogical University since March 15, 1962 , Neu was a member of the building grant and the library committee and was a member of the board of the student union. 1966 to 1968 and 1971 to 1973 he was also the executive director of the seminar. With his participation, the university was given the right to graduate in 1969 , doctorate in 1971 and habilitation in 1968 . Heinrich Neu supervised the first doctoral student in history until he was awarded his doctorate, and he participated in the review of the first habilitation. Beyond his retirement, he was in charge of the university archive and, among others, headed the PhD coloquium. In 1980 the Cologne University of Education was integrated into the University of Cologne , and the university archive was part of the university archive .

At the beginning of the 1970s, his dissertation from 1930 gave left-wing extremist and communist students the opportunity to launch a “desolate and slanderous campaign” against Neu. In the context of the matter, the university administration probably displayed a less laudable attitude and pursued a weak and inefficient line of defense. Neu's reputation extended beyond the narrow confines of the academy. Joseph Antz (1880–1960) 1946 to 1949 consultant for teacher training in the North Rhine-Westphalian Ministry of Education, already in 1947, when Heinrich Neu was appointed university lecturer and professor, he stated that this would redress the injustice that he had suffered through repeated resignations during the period of National Socialism had happened. Neu did not belong to either the National Socialist German Workers' Party or any of its branches and, despite excellent performance, remained in subordinate positions with the provincial curator until 1945.

“New is never a shame, which causes many colleagues considerable difficulties in presenting historical relationships in an understandable way to an inexperienced audience. ... here he proves himself to be a sociable type who knows how to captivate his listeners with his great talent for storytelling and portrayal. "

- Ernst Heinen and Carl August Lückerath on January 18, 1976

Non-academic activities

In addition to his teaching and administrative activities, Heinrich Neu also developed a lively journalistic activity. In addition to the aforementioned Duchy of Arenberg, his own research included the Teutonic Order with the restriction to its Rhenish branches, contemporary historical contributions, social and economic historical studies, contributions to the so-called auxiliary or basic sciences as well as building and architectural history elaborations.

From 1946 he was chairman of the Beueler Heimat- und Geschichtsverein, and he was also appointed to several scientific societies and commissions in Germany and abroad. Including 1938 in the Society for Rhenish History and 1964 as a corresponding member of the "Société d'histoire et d'archéologie du Sédanais".

"Heinrich Neu ... can claim to have rescued Ramersdorf , who was originally supposed to be sacrificed to the Cologne-Wahn-Bonn-Südbrücke motorway junction."

family

Heinrich Neu had been married to Inge Seipel since 1951, with whom he had two children, a son and a daughter. In 1977 the city of Bonn honored Heinrich Neu by naming a street in Bonn-Beuel, the Professor-Neu-Allee.

“He is a regional historian, he is an art historian, he is a cultural historian, you could draw on a number of other historical aspects for him, but nobody really understands him. His historical perspective now takes on him universally, but, and that is perhaps his peculiarity, he is always tied to the detail, he tries to clarify abstract structures using concrete examples, to explain the abstract through images, he is committed to historical detail, which only makes the historical tangible. "

- Ernst Heinen and Carl August Lückerath on January 18, 1976

Fonts (selection)

• The revolutionary movement on the German fleet 1917–1918. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1930 (also dissertation University of Bonn)
• with Heribert Reiners : The art monuments of Eupen – Malmedy. L. Schwann Verlag, Düsseldorf 1935 (reprint of Pädagogischer Verlag Schwann, Düsseldorf 1982, ISBN 3-590-32117-2 ).
• with Josef Busley (arr.): The art monuments of the district of Altenkirchen. (= Paul Clemen (Hrsg.): Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz , Volume 16, I. Department) L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1935 (reprint of the Pedagogical Verlag Schwann-Bagel, Düsseldorf 1985, ISBN 3-590-32148-2 ).
• with Ernst Wackenroder (arrangement): The art monuments of the district of Trier. (= Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz, Volume 15, II. Dept.), L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1936 (Unchanged reprint by the academic bookshop Interbook, Trier 1981).
• with Paul Clemen and Fritz Witte (arr.): Die Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt Köln. The Cologne Cathedral. (= Paul Clemen (Hrsg.): Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz, Volume 6, III. Department) L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1937 (Second edition 1938; reprint Pädagogischer Verlag Schwann, Düsseldorf 1980, ISBN 3-590-32101-6 ).
• with Ludwig Arntz and Hans Vogts (arrangement): Die Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt Köln. Supplementary volume: The former churches, monasteries, hospitals and school buildings in the city of Cologne. (= Paul Clemen (Hrsg.): Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz, 7th Volume III. Department) L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1937 (reprint of Pädagogischer Verlag Schwann, Düsseldorf 1980, ISBN 3-590-32107-5 ).
• with Joachim Gerhardt, Edmund Renard and Albert Verbeek (arr.): The art monuments of the Ahrweiler district. (= Paul Clemen (Hrsg.): Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz, 17th volume, 1st division) L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1938 (reprinted in two half-volumes: Pädagogischer Verlag Schwann-Bagel, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-32145-8 ).
• with Ernst Wackenroder and with contributions by Hans Eiden: Die Kunstdenkmäler des Saarburg. (= Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz, Volume 15, Section III), L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1939 (Unchanged reprint by the academic bookshop Interbook, Trier 1982).
• with Walther Zimmermann : The work of the painter Renier Roidkin . Views of West German churches, castles, palaces and cities from the first half of the 18th century. In: Rheinischer Heimatbund ( Rheinischer Verein für Denkmalpflege und Heimatschutz ) born in 1939, L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1939.
• with Hans Weigert (arr.): The art monuments of the Neuwied district. (= Paul Clemen (Hrsg.): Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz, Volume 16, II. Department) L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1940 (reprint of Pädagogischer Verlag Schwann-Bagel, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-32147-4 ).
• with Josef Busley (arr.): The art monuments of the Mayen district. The art monuments of the offices of Andernach-Stadt and -Land, Burgbrohl, Kelberg, Kempenich and Virneburg. (= Paul Clemen (Hrsg.): Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz, 17th volume, second division, half volume 1) L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1941 (reprint of the Pedagogical Verlag Schwann-Bagel, Düsseldorf 1983, ISBN 3-590-32143-1 ) .
• with Hanna Adenauer and Josef Busley (arr.): The art monuments of the Mayen district. The art monuments of the offices of Mayen-Stadt and Mayen-Land, Münstermaifeld, Nieder-Mendig and Polch. (= Paul Clemen (Hrsg.): Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz, 17th volume, 2nd section, half-volume 2) L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1943 (reconstruction of the partial volume, which was not published due to the war, Pädagogischer Verlag Schwann-Bagel, Düsseldorf 1985, ISBN 3-590 -32144-X ).
• The double church in Schwarz-Rheindorf. (= Rhenish architectural monuments) Münster-Verlag, Cologne 1949.
• The coming Ramersdorf. A monument of the Teutonic Order and its cultural and historical significance. With a plan for the coming from Johannes Reuter. without publisher, Beuel 1967.
• Nieder- and Oberdollendorf in the last century and a half , published by Heimatverein Oberdollendorf und Römlinghoven eV, 1972.
• The Castle Wallerode . From the medieval castle house to the baroque castle. Simons, Sinzig 1973.

The Heinrich Neus bibliography comprised 522 titles up to December 31, 1975. These include articles in yearbooks or the Neue Deutsche Biographie as well as monographs.

literature

• New, Heinrich. In: Werner Schuder (Ed.): Kürschners Deutscher Gelehrten-Kalender 1961. 9th edition, Volume I, A – N, Verlag Walter de Gruyter , Berlin 1961, p. 1430 f.
• New, Heinrich. In: Werner Schuder (Ed.): Kürschner's German Scholars Calendar 1976. 12th Edition, Volume II, N – Z and Register, de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1976, ISBN 3-11-004470-6 , pp. 2234.
• Ernst Heinen , Carl August Lückerath : Rhineland - Empire - Western Europe. Collected writings of Heinrich Neu. Ceremony for reaching the age of seventy on May 11, 1976. Bouvier Verlag Herbert Grundmann, Bonn 1976, ISBN 3-416-01049-3 .
• Ernst Heinen, Carl August Lückerath (arr.): Academic teacher training in Cologne. A collection of sources on the history of the Pedagogical Academy Cologne, the Pedagogical University Cologne and the Pedagogical University Rhineland, Cologne Department (Writings on Rhenish History, Issue 5) Verlag der Buchhandlung Gondrom KG, Cologne 1985, ISBN 3-88874-013-4 , short vita P. 397.
• Ernst Heinen: Academy of Fine Arts and scientific standards. Teacher training in Cologne 1946-1965 ( Studies on the history of the University of Cologne , Volume 16) Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-412-04303-6 .
• Josef Niessen: Bonn Personal Lexicon. 3rd, improved and expanded edition, Bouvier, Bonn 2011, ISBN 978-3-416-03352-7 , p. 337. In contrast to contemporary sources, Niessen names June 20, 1976 as the anniversary of Heinrich Neu's death.
• Erika Wenig (edit.): Bibliography Professor Dr. Heinrich on the occasion of his 65th birthday on May 11, 1971. (= Studies on the local history of the Bonn-Beuel district, issue 13) Ed. Stadt Bonn, Bonn 1971.
• Otto Wenig: Heinrich 65 years old. In: Rheinische Heimatpflege . Rheinland Verlag, Düsseldorf 1971, p. 264.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Rheinische Heimatpflege, 13th year 1976, 3/76, p. 236.
2. ↑ Ernst Heinen, Carl August Lückerath (edit.): Academic teacher training in Cologne. A collection of sources on the history of the Pedagogical Academy Cologne, the Pedagogical University Cologne and the Pedagogical University Rhineland, Cologne Department (Writings on Rhenish History, Issue 5) Verlag der Buchhandlung Gondrom KG, Cologne 1985, ISBN 3-88874-013-4 , short vita P. 397.
3. ↑ ^{a b} Herbert M. Schleicher (arrangement): 80,000 death notes from Rhenish collections. Volume III Ko-Po. (Publications of the West German Society for Family Studies eV, based in Cologne, No. 42). Cologne 1988, p. 566.
4. ^ Bonn City Archives, death certificates, registry office Bonn-Beuel, certificate no. 166/1937.
5. ↑ Erika Wenig (edit.): Bibliography Professor Dr. Heinrich on the occasion of his 65th birthday on May 11, 1971. (= Studies on the home history of the Bonn-Beuel district, issue 13) Ed. Stadt Bonn, Bonn 1971, p. 2.
6. ^ Ernst Heinen, Carl August Lückerath: Rhineland - Empire - Western Europe. Collected writings of Heinrich Neu. Ceremony for the completion of the seventieth year of life on May 11, 1976. Bouvier Verlag Herbert Grundmann, Bonn 1976, ISBN 3-416-01049-3 , p. XI f.
7. ↑ ^{a b c d} Ernst Heinen, Carl August Lückerath: Rhineland - Empire - Western Europe. Collected writings of Heinrich Neu. Ceremony for the completion of the seventieth year of life on May 11, 1976. Bouvier Verlag Herbert Grundmann, Bonn 1976, ISBN 3-416-01049-3 , p. XII.
8. ↑ ^{a b} Erika Wenig (edit.): Bibliography Professor Dr. Heinrich on the occasion of his 65th birthday on May 11, 1971. (= Studies on the local history of the Bonn-Beuel district, issue 13) Ed. Stadt Bonn, Bonn 1971, p. 3.
9. ↑ ^{a b c} Erika Wenig (edit.): Bibliography Professor Dr. Heinrich on the occasion of his 65th birthday on May 11, 1971. (= Studies on the home history of the Bonn-Beuel district, issue 13) Ed. Stadt Bonn, Bonn 1971, p. 4.
10. ↑ Ernst Wackenroder (arrangement) in connection with Johannes Krudewig and Hans Wink: Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreis Schleiden. (= Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz, Volume 11, Dept. II), L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1932 (Unchanged reprint Pedagogical Verlag Schwann-Bagel, Düsseldorf 1982, ISBN 3-590-32116-4 ), p. VI f.
11. ^ Ernst Heinen, Carl August Lückerath: Rhineland - Empire - Western Europe. Collected writings of Heinrich Neu. Ceremony for reaching the age of seventy on May 11, 1976. Bouvier Verlag Herbert Grundmann, Bonn 1976, ISBN 3-416-01049-3 , p. XII f.
12. ^ ^{A b} Ernst Heinen, Carl August Lückerath: Rhineland - Reich - West Europe. Collected writings of Heinrich Neu. Ceremony for the completion of the seventieth year of life on May 11, 1976. Bouvier Verlag Herbert Grundmann, Bonn 1976, ISBN 3-416-01049-3 , p. XIII.
13. ^ Heinrich Neu with Hanna Adenauer and Josef Busley (arr.): Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreises Mayen. The art monuments of the offices of Mayen-Stadt and Mayen-Land, Münstermaifeld, Nieder-Mendig and Polch. (= Paul Clemen (Hrsg.): Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz, 17th volume, 2nd section, half-volume 2) L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1943 (reconstruction of the partial volume, which was not published due to the war, Pädagogischer Verlag Schwann-Bagel, Düsseldorf 1985, ISBN 3-590 -32144-X ), S.V.
14. ^ ^{A b c} Ernst Heinen, Carl August Lückerath: Rhineland - Empire - West Europe. Collected writings of Heinrich Neu. Ceremony for completion of the seventieth year of life on May 11, 1976. Bouvier Verlag Herbert Grundmann, Bonn 1976, ISBN 3-416-01049-3 , p. XIV.
15. ^ ^{A b c} Ernst Heinen, Carl August Lückerath: Rhineland - Empire - West Europe. Collected writings of Heinrich Neu. Ceremony for reaching the age of seventy on May 11, 1976. Bouvier Verlag Herbert Grundmann, Bonn 1976, ISBN 3-416-01049-3 , p. XV.
16. ↑ ^{a b c d} Ernst Heinen, Carl August Lückerath: Rhineland - Empire - Western Europe. Collected writings of Heinrich Neu. Ceremony for completion of the seventieth year of life on May 11, 1976. Bouvier Verlag Herbert Grundmann, Bonn 1976, ISBN 3-416-01049-3 , p. XVI.
17. ↑ Ernst Heinen: Bildnerhochschule and science claim. Teacher training in Cologne 1946-1965 ( Studies on the history of the University of Cologne , Volume 16) Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-412-04303-6 , pp. 34–36.
18. ^ Professor-Neu-Allee in the Bonn street cadastre
19. ^ Ernst Heinen, Carl August Lückerath: Rhineland - Empire - Western Europe. Collected writings of Heinrich Neu. Ceremony for the completion of the seventieth year of life on May 11, 1976. Bouvier Verlag Herbert Grundmann, Bonn 1976, ISBN 3-416-01049-3 , p. XVIII.
20. ↑ Otto Wenig gives here, as in the text: Erika Wenig (edit.): Bibliography Professor Dr. Heinrich, on the occasion of his 65th birthday on May 11, 1971, mistakenly stated that Johann Neu, Heinrich Neu's father, was born in Blankenheim instead of Lommersdorf.