Heinrich Schwarz (SS member)

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H. Schwarz, here SS-Untersturmführer

Heinrich Schwarz (born June 14, 1906 in Munich , † March 20, 1947 in Sandweier ) was a German SS-Hauptsturmführer and camp commandant in Auschwitz III Monowitz concentration camp .

Life

Schwarz was a book printer by trade. He joined the NSDAP ( membership number 786.871) and the SS (SS number 19.691) at the end of November 1931 .

After the beginning of the Second World War , Heinrich Schwarz was assigned to the Waffen-SS and initially worked in Mauthausen concentration camp until October 1940 . Afterwards he was employed in the SS main office for household and buildings and on April 20, 1941 he returned to the SS camp team in Mauthausen concentration camp. From there he was transferred back to the SS Main Office for Households and Buildings at the end of September 1941 . He was immediately sent to the main camp of Auschwitz and headed the Labor Deployment Department there from November 1941 to August 1943 (Section IIIa). In September 1942 he was awarded the War Merit Cross, Second Class with Swords. In 1943 he was promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer. On March 5, 1943, he reported to the SS Economic and Administrative Main Office and reported on a selection of a transport from Berlin that had recently arrived in Auschwitz: “If the transports from Berlin continue with so many women and men. Rolling up children next to old Jews, I don't expect much in terms of commitment. Above all else, Buna needs younger and stronger figures ”. From mid-August to November 1943, Schwarz was the head of the protective custody camp in the main camp of Auschwitz, replacing Hans Aumeier at this post .

In November 1943, Rudolf Höß was appointed head of the DI Office and left Auschwitz. The warehouse complex has now been divided into three more independent administrative units. On November 22, 1943, Schwarz became camp commandant for the Auschwitz III Monowitz concentration camp and the affiliated satellite camps . While the camp commanders of the main camp and Auschwitz-Birkenau were replaced after a few months, Schwarz continued to enjoy the goodwill of his superior Oswald Pohl .

After the evacuation of the Auschwitz concentration camp, he became camp commandant of the Natzweiler concentration camp, replacing Friedrich Hartjenstein at this post . SS-Hauptsturmführer Schwarz was sentenced to death by a French military court for his crimes committed in Natzweiler and executed as a war criminal in what is now Baden-Baden 's Sandweier district during the Rastatt trials in 1947 .

The Auschwitz survivor Franz Unikower judged Schwarz as follows: “He was moody and unpredictable and was very much feared by the prisoners and the SS. He has a great many prisoners on his conscience. Schwarz was one of the worst concentration camp leaders ever. "

literature

  • Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (ed.): Auschwitz in the eyes of the SS. Oswiecim 1998, ISBN 83-85047-35-2
  • Ernst Klee : Auschwitz. Perpetrators, accomplices, victims and what became of them. A dictionary of persons . S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2013, ISBN 978-3-10-039333-3 .
  • Ernst Klee: The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich: Who was what before and after 1945. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-596-16048-0 .
  • Wacław Długoborski , Franciszek Piper (eds.): Auschwitz 1940–1945. Studies on the history of the Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp. Verlag Staatliches Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau, Oswiecim 1999, 5 volumes: I. Construction and structure of the camp. II. The prisoners - living conditions, work and death. III. Destruction. IV. Resistance. V. Epilog., ISBN 83-85047-76-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Ernst Klee: Auschwitz. Perpetrators, accomplices and victims and what became of them. An encyclopedia of persons , Frankfurt am Main 2013, p. 370f
  2. ↑ a b Aleksander Lasik: The organizational structure of KL Auschwitz , in: Aleksander Lasik, Franciszek Piper, Piotr Setkiewicz, Irena Strzelecka: Auschwitz 1940–1945. Studies on the history of the Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp. Volume I: Construction and structure of the camp , Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum , Oświęcim 1999, p. 179.
  3. ↑ Quoted in Ernst Klee: Auschwitz. Perpetrators, accomplices and victims and what became of them. A dictionary of persons , Frankfurt am Main 2013, p. 371
  4. ^ Sven Felix Kellerhoff : Thousands of SS perpetrators and how they disappeared , Welt.de , last accessed on May 14, 2017.
  5. ↑ Quoted in Ernst Klee: Auschwitz. Perpetrators, accomplices and victims and what became of them. A dictionary of persons , Frankfurt am Main 2013, p. 371
personal data
SURNAME Schwarz, Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German camp commandant in Auschwitz III Monowitz concentration camp
DATE OF BIRTH June 14, 1906
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH March 20, 1947
Place of death Sandweier