Heinrich Schweitzer

This article deals with the architect Heinrich Schweitzer. For other people see Heinrich Schweizer .

Heinrich Schweitzer's (1912–1932) house
in Dol 39 in Berlin-Dahlem

Heinrich Schweitzer's house (from 1932)
Gadebuscher Weg 5 in Berlin-Dahlem

Heinrich Schweitzer (born March 11, 1871 in Stuttgart , † 1953 in Berlin ) was a German architect who lived and worked in Berlin.

Three-story residential building. External view.

With his buildings, Schweitzer influenced the growth of the Berlin suburbs at the time. Many of his buildings are now under monument protection . The buildings erected according to plans by Schweitzer cannot be assigned to any specific style, but adapted to the zeitgeist of neo-renaissance , neo-baroque or the beginning of expressionism and predominantly represent a mix of styles.

Live and act

Initial and continuing education

After studying architecture at the Technical University of Stuttgart and the Technical University of Munich , Heinrich Schweitzer worked for the architect Friedrich von Thiersch in Munich, then with Alfred Messel in Berlin. In 1894 he went on a study trip to Italy , where he also visited Rome and made travel sketches.

First work between 1903 and 1913

Then he tried to get orders by participating in architecture competitions. In 1903 he became a partner in the office of the architect Martin Altgelt and both now traded as "Architektur- und Bau-Bureau Altgelt & Schweitzer", which had its headquarters at Genthiner Strasse 7 in Berlin W 35. In 1911, among other things, they took part in a competition for the interior design of the Great Berlin Art Exhibition (1912/1913).

In 1906 Schweitzer opened his own "Bureau for Architecture" at Magdeburger Strasse 20, Berlin W 35. In order to become better known and to get bigger orders, he took on the architect and retired urban planning inspector Walther Schilbach as a partner in 1907 , the joint office was called "Architektur-Bureau Schilbach & Schweitzer". During this time they were able to design, among other things, the commercial center in Berlin-Kreuzberg , which was laid out in 1906/1907 according to their plans.

From 1907 onwards, Schweitzer and urban planner Hermann Jansen worked on a development plan for the Dahlem-Süd municipal area on behalf of Hugo Thiel , in order to adapt the previously heavily criticized development plan by the master builder Walter Kyllmann to the new requirements, such as the construction of the underground line .

After Walther Schilbach's retirement (or death), Schweitzer took over the office again under his name and moved the headquarters to Keithstrasse 18, Berlin W 62. In the meantime, he had become known and had already carried out a number of important projects, including the Admiralspalast in the Friedrichstrasse , a new school building in his residential area, the Lyceum of the municipality Dahlem, which later Gertrauden school (inauguration on September 11, 1909) and from 1909 to 1911 the conversion of a large commercial building in Berlin-Mitte , which by Alfred Messel came. The building was converted from 1997 to 2000 in accordance with a listed building and is now used as a historical archive by the KfW banking group , Berlin branch.

Further orders for Berlin

His work was also not hidden in his living environment, so that both the community of Dahlem commissioned him with the design of municipal buildings and wealthy private people from the area with plans for houses and villas, in the archive of the Architecture Museum of the Technical University of Berlin (see web links ) Archives are available for: Fischer family in Dahlem (1912), Frentzel family in Dahlem (no year), Professor Friedemann in Dahlem (Wachtelstrasse; 1928/1929), sculptor Johannes Götz in Friedenau (1904), the Jonas banking family in Dahlem (Gadebuscher Path 4; no year), family of chemistry professor Jakob Meisenheimer in Dahlem (1909), director family Otto in Dahlem, family of director Schall in Dahlem (Thielallee; around 1912). (The country houses included in the list of monuments are not mentioned here; see work and project overview .)

On behalf of the municipality of Dahlem, he prepared plans for the construction of a new cemetery, for the detailed design of which an artists' society, Werkstatt für Friedhofs-Kunst in Berlin, had been founded, to which Schweitzer belonged. Gravestones were also made according to his ideas. He also provided templates for existing graves, for example for the botanist Paul Sintenis in the St. Anne's churchyard .

From 1911 to 1912 he built a house with an angular floor plan on the property at Im Dol 39 / Gadebuscher Weg 5 in Dahlem , which was rebuilt and expanded several times in the following years. In 1932 he sold this to the lawyer Arno Wittgensteiner, as very high property taxes were levied on the large property, which were no longer in proportion to his income. He kept part of the property and had a house built by the building contractor August Höhne according to his own plans at Gadebuscher Weg 5, which was completed in 1932.

Germany-wide work

Residential buildings were also planned or built according to Schweitzer's plans in other places: for Otto von Krumhaar in Gremsmühlen , for the von Stössen family in the Black Forest , the von Zastrow manor in Plassow (today Płaszewko , Poland).

Private

On November 15, 1907, his son Jürgen was born in Freiburg im Breisgau , who would later follow in his father's footsteps and found the Schweitzer und Partner architectural group. Heinrich Schweitzer was a member of the Association of German Architects . One of his later known students was Otto Werner .

Buildings and designs

• 1901: Competition design for the New Town Hall in Dresden
• 1902: House for the sculptor Adolf Fremd in Stuttgart
• 1906–1907: Reconstruction and expansion of Eisersdorf Castle in Lower Silesia for Mr. zu Löbbecke (today Żelazno , Poland)
• 1906–1911: Together with other architects, Schweitzer designed the Dahlem student colony on Königin-Luise-Straße .
• 1907–1908: country house for the surgeon Hans Kehr in Gehlberg (inauguration on September 27, 1908)
• 1909–1910: Country house for Professor Ramm in Dahlem, Pacelliallee 27 (then: Cecilienallee)
• 1910–1911: District Office (District Office) in Zielenzig near Frankfurt (Oder)
• 1910–1911: Admiralspalast in Berlin-Mitte
• 1910–1911: Atelier of the Association of Berlin Women Artists in Berlin-Tiergarten
• 1911–1912: Extension of the Wertheim department store on Leipziger Strasse in Berlin-Mitte
• 1911–1912 and 1920–1921, 1923: House in Dahlem, Im Dol 39 and later extensions

Entrance building to the subway station in Dahlem

• 1911–1913: One of his most important projects was the Podbielskiallee underground station with a reception building
• 1912–1913: Louis Raffleur house in Berlin-Dahlem, Messelstrasse 1 (then: Messelstrasse 45)
• 1912–1915: Thielpark and Triestpark green spaces in Dahlem (based on a joint design by Hermann Jansen , Richard Köhler and Heinrich Schweitzer; later expanded and redesigned)
• 1912–1933: Step by step, a row house settlement was built in Dahlem according to plans by Heinrich Schweitzer and Bruno Ahrends .
• 1913: Extension buildings for the Dahlem domain
• 1914–1915: Schweitzer contributed the blueprints for several public lavatories for the Schillerpark .
• 1916–1920: Row house development in Berlin-Schmargendorf
• 1918: Draft for the reconstruction of the Heiligengrabe monastery
• 1923–1924: Home of the von Siemens family in Dahlem, In der Halde 6–8 (then: Im Dol 41 or In der Halde 6–8)
• 1925 and later: In Dahlem, in the Vogelsang residential area, street areas and green spaces were designed by him and implemented by the municipality
• 1926: Extension to a residential building in Dahlem, Im Dol 48
• 1928: urban planning draft for the area around the Brandenburg Gate
• 1928: Extension of the Bredow house in Dahlem, Englerallee 19
• 1928–1929: Private residence of the doctor Bruno Mendel in Berlin-Wannsee , Am Sandwerder 39 (then: Friedrich-Karl-Straße 17)
• 1929: Conversion of the administration building of Allianz and Stuttgarter Verein Versicherungs-AG in Berlin-Mitte, Mohrenstrasse 63/64, Taubenstrasse 1, Mauerstrasse, Glinkastrasse (then: Mohrenstrasse, Taubenstrasse, Mauerstrasse, Kanonierstrasse)
• 1931: Dr. Zorn-von Pelargus in Kleinmachnow (garden architect: Gustav Allinger )

Chapel in the forest cemetery

• 1931–1932: Chapel (celebration hall) for the Dahlem forest cemetery
• 1931–1933: Finally, Schweitzer was able to design the Dahlem forest cemetery together with the important garden architect Albert Brodersen .
• 1934: Completion of a house for a citizen of Zehlendorf according to Schweitzer's project in Glockenstrasse
• 1935: Landhaus von der Schulenburg in Berlin-Westend

literature

• Schweitzer, Heinrich . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 30 : Scheffel – Siemerding . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1936, p. 377 .
• Wolfgang Schächen : Architecture and urban development in Berlin between 1933 and 1945. Planning and construction under the aegis of the city administration. Dietrich Reimer / Gebrüder Mann, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-7861-1178-2 .

Web links

• Overview of the holdings on Heinrich Schweitzer in the Architecture Museum of the Technical University of Berlin
• Works by Heinrich Schweitzer in the digital collections of the Stuttgart University Library

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Personal data set on Heinrich Schweitzer on bildindex.de, accessed on April 6, 2012.
2. ↑ Drawing of the Fontana delle tartarughe (turtle fountain ) in Rome (from April 4, 1894) in the holdings of the Architecture Museum of the Technical University of Berlin.
3. ^ Altgelt & Schweitzer . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1903, part 1, p. 18.
4. ^ Room with columns for the Great Berlin Art Exhibition , part of the Architecture Museum of the Technical University of Berlin
5. ↑ Schweitzer . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1906, Part 1, p. 2118.
6. ↑ Schilbach & Schweitzer . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1908, Part 1, p. 2227.
7. ↑ Gewerbehof (Ritterhof), Ritterstrasse 11, 1906–1907 from Schilbach & Schweitzer Landesdenkmalliste
8. ↑ 100 years of Dahlem ( Memento of the original from October 27, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed April 6, 2012 
9. ↑ Schweitzer . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1910, part 1, p. 2653.
10. ^ Project Gertrauden School in Dahlem in the holdings of the Architecture Museum of the Technical University of Berlin
11. ↑ In enclosure 6/8, Lyceum of the community of Dahlem / Gertraudenschule, 1910/11 and 1916–1920 state monuments list
12. ↑ Behrenstrasse 32/33, Berliner Handelsgesellschaft, 1897–1900 by Alfred Messel; Extension buildings 1905–07 by Alfred Messel (Behrenstrasse 33) and 1909–1911 by Heinrich Schweitzer (Charlottenstrasse 33–33A, Französische Strasse 42–44) State monument list
13. ↑ Nikolaus Bernau: KfW Bankengruppe Niederlassung Berlin (= Die Neue Architekturführer , Volume 58.) Stadtwandel-Verlag, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-937123-20-2 . ( Publisher information ( Memento of the original from March 25, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ) 
14. ^ Illustration of a tomb designed by Schweitzer in the holdings of the Architecture Museum of the Technical University of Berlin
15. ^ Image of the gravestone for Sintenis in the holdings of the Architecture Museum of the Technical University of Berlin
16. ↑ Im Dol 39, Wohnvilla Schweitzer, 1911-12 state monument list
17. ↑ Gadebuscher Weg 5, Residential Villa Schweitzer, 1932 State Monument List
18. ↑ according to the inventory of the architecture museum of the Technical University of Berlin.
19. ↑ Schweitzer and Partner Architects from Braunschweig ( Memento of the original from April 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 3.0 MB) accessed April 6, 2012. 
20. ↑ Heinrich Schweitzer. In: arch INFORM .
21. ^ Perspective of the competition design for the New Town Hall in Dresden in the holdings of the Architecture Museum of the Technical University of Berlin.
22. ↑ Photograph of the house Fremd in Stuttgart in the holdings of the Architecture Museum of the Technical University of Berlin.
23. ↑ Schloss Eisersdorf in the holdings of the Architecture Museum of the Technical University of Berlin.
24. ↑ Queen-Luise-Strasse 88/98, Dahlem student colony, boarding school building, 1906–11 by Reimarus & Hetzel, Friedrich and Wilhelm Hennings and Heinrich Schweitzer state monument list.
25. ↑ Landhaus in Gehlberg in the holdings of the Architecture Museum of the Technical University of Berlin.
26. ↑ Pacelliallee 27, Landhaus, 1909 State Monument List.
27. ^ View of the district building in Zielenzig in the holdings of the Architecture Museum of the Technical University of Berlin.
28. ↑ Schöneberger Ufer 71, studio house of the Association of Berlin Women Artists, 1910–11 state monument list.
29. ↑ Information page on the former Wertheim department store in Berlin-Mitte , accessed on April 5, 2012.
30. ↑ Residential house Im Dol 39 State monument list
31. ↑ Podbielskiallee underground station with reception building, 1911-13 state monument list.
32. ↑ Messelstrasse 1, Raffloer house, residential building, 1912/13 state monument list.
33. ↑ Im Schwarzen Grund, Thielpark and Triestpark, Stadtpark, 1912–1915 by Heinrich Schweitzer, Hermann Jansen and Richard Köhler State monument list.
34. ↑ In Gehege 2–5, row house settlement, 1912–1933 by Heinrich Schweitzer and Bruno Ahrend's state monument list.
35. ↑ Queen-Luise-Strasse, Domain Dahlem; Extension, 1913 by Heinrich Schweitzer State Monument List.
36. ↑ Lounges, 1914/15 state monument list.
37. ↑ Row house settlement, 1916–1921; Lentzeallee 16–74, Misdroyer Strasse 1–27, Sopoter Strasse 36–64 State Monument List; Year of construction start compared to the monument database corrected according to documents in the architecture museum of the TU Berlin.
38. ^ Drafts for the Heiligengrabe Abbey in the holdings of the Architecture Museum of the Technical University of Berlin.
39. ↑ In Halde 6–8, residential building, 1923/24 state monument list.
40. ↑ Vogelsang, street area with birch groves, from 1925 state monument list.
41. ↑ In Dol 48, residential building, 1914-15 by Otto Bartning; Extension in 1926 by Heinrich Schweitzer State Monument List.
42. ^ Draft for the area around the Brandenburg Gate from January 1928 in the holdings of the Architecture Museum of the Technical University of Berlin.
43. ↑ Englerallee 19, Haus Bredow, residential building, 1923/1924 by Heinz Lassen; Enlargement in 1928 by Heinrich Schweitzer state monument list.
44. ↑ Architectural significance of the house at Englerallee 19 on a website of the law firm Behr Lachmann Neixler & Partner
45. ↑ Am Sandwerder 39, residential building, 1928-29 state monument list.
46. ^ Sketch of the floor plan for the renovation of the Allianz and Stuttgarter Verein Versicherungs-AG building in the holdings of the Architectural Museum of the Technical University of Berlin.
47. ↑ Illustration of the private house in Kleinmachnow with the Schweitzer lettering in the holdings of the Architecture Museum of the Technical University of Berlin.
48. ↑ Hüttenweg 47, celebration hall of the forest cemetery Dahlem, 1931/32 state monument list.
49. ↑ Hüttenweg 47, Waldfriedhof Dahlem, 1931–33 by Albert Brodersen and Heinrich Schweitzer State Monument List.
50. ↑ Glockenstrasse 19, residential building, 1934 state monument list.
51. ↑ Landhaus von der Schulenburg, single-family house Mohrunger Allee 2A, 1935 state monument list.