Herod Archelaus
Herodes Archelaos ( Latin form of the name Archelaus ; * around 23 BC , † around 18 AD) was the ethnarch of Judea .
Life
Like Herodes Antipas, Herodes Archelaus was a son of Herod the Great and his fourth wife, the Samaritan Malthake . He was brought up in Rome with his brother.
Defamation by Antipater
After the execution of his half-brothers Alexander and Aristubulus , who came from Herod's marriage to Mariamne , by his own father in 7th BC. BC, Archelaus was initially slandered by his oldest half-brother from his first marriage, Antipater , for having carried out the execution. Antipater, who had finally been named heir to the throne after the death of the popular Mariamne sons, wanted to get the younger competitor out of the way. However, it was known that the claim was false.
Appointment to the ethnarch
His father, Herod the Great , had named him as his successor as king in the last version of his will. After his father in 4 BC BC, a few days after the execution of Antipater, had died and Archelaus had brutally suppressed a revolt of the Pharisees in the temple - in which 3,000 Jews were killed - he went to Rome to have his claim to power confirmed by Emperor Augustus . At the same time, however, his brother, Herod Antipas , appeared as his rival in Rome. Augustus thereupon named Archelaus, despite the protests of Antipas and distinguished Jews who feared his cruelty, as ethnarch over Judea, Samaria and Idumea . But he promised him the title of king if he governed well.
government
Archelaus was a tyrannical and capricious regent who treated Samaritans and Jews alike badly. After his return he appointed Joazar ben Boethos' brother Eleazar as high priest , but he did not stay in office for long. Joshua ben Sie soon took his place, but Archelaus replaced him shortly afterwards with Joazar ben Boethos. The Jews were particularly offended by the fact that he disowned his first wife Mariamne - possibly Antipater's widow - in order to marry the wife of his executed half-brother Alexander, Glaphyra , even though she had been married to the African-Serbian King Juba II since Alexander's death . This was a sinful association under Jewish law.
Archelaus had an annual income of 600 talents from taxes and property. In Jericho he magnificently restored the royal palace. In addition, he diverted half of the water that supplied the town of Neara to a field planted with palm trees. He also built a place called Archelaïs .
Lawsuit, dismissal and exile
In the year 6 AD the most distinguished Jews and Samaritans sued him at Augustus, who called him to Rome in response to the complaints by an envoy, removed him from his office in a proper court hearing, punished him with the confiscation of his property and then moved to Vienna in Exiled Gaul. Its ethnarchy was transformed into a Roman province .
Publius Sulpicius Quirinius had been appointed governor of the Roman province of Syria , one of the most important provinces of the Roman Empire. In this capacity he commanded four legions ( legio III Gallica , legio VI Ferrata , legio X Fretensis , legio XII Fulminata ). In the area of Judea to the south, there was an uproar, due to the incompetence of the local ruler Herodes Archelaus .
In 6 AD, Augustus relieved the Judean prince of his office and incorporated Judea into the province of Syria as an autonomous region, which was henceforth subordinate to a Roman prefect , and appointed the first Roman prefect Coponius , who was from around 6 to 8 AD . worked. His successor was Marcus Ambibulus from 9 to 12 AD .
Life in exile and death
Archelaus lived in exile in Gaul from 6 to 18 years old. Nothing more is known about his life there. The place and year of the death in Vienna in Gaul are no longer known.
Herod Archelaus in the New Testament
In the New Testament Herod Archelaus is even mentioned ( Mt 2.22 EU ). His assumption of government serves to date the return of Jesus, Mary and Joseph from Egypt to Nazareth, where they fled from the child murder in Bethlehem . Possibly the parable of the entrusted money in Lk 19.11–27 EU refers to the journey of Herodes Archelaus to Rome.
swell
- Flavius Josephus : Antiquitates 17, 342–345 (deposition and exile).
literature
- Walter Otto : Herod 25 . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Supplementary volume II, Stuttgart 1913, Col. 191-200.
- Klaus Bringmann: Herodes 3rd In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 5, Metzler, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-476-01475-4 , column 460.
- Fritz Rienecker, Gerhard Maier: Lexicon for the Bible. SCM R.Brockhaus, 8th edition, Witten 2010, ISBN 978-3-417-24678-0 , p. 124.
- Julia Wilker: For Rome and Jerusalem. The Herodian dynasty in the 1st century AD. Verlag Antike, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-938032-12-1 , pp. 11, 15, 24 fua (see Archelaus in the register).
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Herod Archelaus |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Herod Archelaus |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Ethnarch of Judea |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 23 BC Chr. |
| DATE OF DEATH | at 18 |