Herrenkrugpark
The Herrenkrugpark is an urban park in the city of Magdeburg .
location
The park is located on the eastern bank of the Elbe in the Magdeburg district of Herrenkrug and extends parallel to the river in a north-south direction. It is directly connected to the other side of the Elbe bank via the Herrenkrugsteg , a foot and bike path bridge.
The park belongs to the Network Garden Dreams Saxony-Anhalt .
history
The area of today's Herrenkrugpark was originally heavily forested and shaped by the constantly changing course of the Elbe. There was already heavy clearing in the past .
The area was owned by the city of Magdeburg and was used economically by the magistrate for grazing, hay and wood. Due to frequent thefts, the council decided in 1676 to build a caretaker's house. However, the house was also used as an inn and mainly used by travelers on the Magdeburg - Burg road. This inn was new pitcher or because it is owned by the council men was, Mr. Krug called. This name has remained to this day. In addition to the pub, accommodation was also offered. Further tasks of the respective leaseholder were the supervision of a ferry , the management of a dairy and the management of the municipal property.
In 1722 a lease against the highest bid was made. The cultivated area increased strongly. At the end of the 18th century, 12.5 acres of arable land, 360 acres of meadows and 300 acres of forest ( oak and armor ) were cultivated with three fireplaces.
Around 1780 the planting of an acacia grove began . The first avenues made of linden and poplar trees were also laid out. The poplars were Canadian poplars and six rows of Italian pyramid poplars . Some of the originally planted linden trees are still standing today.
From 1791 to 1803, the Oberamtmann Steinkopf from Klein Ottersleben leased the area and managed it very successfully. In his time there were 865 cultivated fruit trees there.
After 1808 there was war. The old inn fell into disrepair and was demolished in 1813 on the orders of the French governor of the French-occupied city of Magdeburg. In its place the rifle house of the Palatinate Colony was built . Extensive clearing took place again between 1807 and 1814, which seriously damaged the site, but brought in 17,000 Reichstaler for the city treasury. The grove and the avenue of lime trees were not affected.
From 1815 the city architect Harte had plans to create an English park in the Herrenkrug, in which, however, a large population of fruit trees was also planned.
The Mayor of Magdeburg, August Wilhelm Francke, commissioned Councilor Clemens in January 1818 to design a park, which was implemented from spring 1818. The Herrenkrug developed into a destination with a pub and concerts. However, logging, vegetable and fruit growing continued to be of great importance within the park. The expansion of the park lasted until 1824. In addition to poplars, birch , aspens and oaks were also planted. Irrigation ditches were also created, which were supplied with water from the Elbe by means of scoop wheels and well water by means of a wind turbine .
The park was also engaged in growing trees. To date, a 1820 bred is Ornamental Malus x Magdeburgensis get grown from Malus dasyphylla and Malus spectabilis .
In 1824 Peter Joseph Lenné gave Mayor Francke the first recommendations for the further design of the park. In 1829 Lenné received a corresponding order. In 1829/1830 work was carried out according to Lenné's specifications. In the south-western part of the park, views of prominent points ( Magdeburg Cathedral , Klosterbergegarten and three churches) were created.
A birch grove was created in the northern part of the park. However, Lenné's specifications for this area were essentially not implemented.
In 1836/1837 the site was diked to protect it from flooding.
From 1839 Rudolf Schoch had a significant influence on the design of the park and had clearings carried out again.
In 1843/1844 the rifle house of the Palatinate Colony was torn down and replaced by a classicist society house designed by the city architect Friedrich Wilhelm Wolff , which became the central building complex of the park. In the 1950s, the building was demolished , although it had not been destroyed in World War II .
In the years from 1849 to 1863, the last poplar avenues disappeared. In addition to new cherry plantations in the south, Wolff initiated the re-establishment of the Domallee as a visual axis to Magdeburg Cathedral in 1860.
In 1862 Paul Viktor Niemeyer took up the position of inspector responsible for the city's parks on the recommendation of Lenné. He had the path in the park changed and made major changes to the trees. 1866 saw the establishment of the Borussia - monument .
In 1874, the teacher and botanist Christoph Wilhelm Ebeling founded a botanical school garden in the south-western part of the park , which from 1877 supplied plants to 24 schools. In 1904 a memorial was erected in the Herrenkrugpark to Ebeling, who died in 1902. A botanical school garden existed in the park, in a new location from 1902 until 1946. This area was then used for military purposes. Today the area is accessible again. Unusual non-native plants stand out there.
In 1886 a steam tram line was opened to better connect the park . It was replaced by the electric tram in 1900 . The park restaurant was built in 1887 and expanded in 1903/1904.
From 1890 Johann Gottlieb Schoch worked as garden director. Schoch planned the inclusion of the neighboring forest area Biederitzer Busch as a city forest in the facility. However, the measures to implement the idea were left to his successor Wilhelm Lincke , who from 1903 had an extensive path system laid out in the areas outside the park (Wiesenpark). The Wiesenpark was not completed until 1926. A wildlife park in the south did not go beyond planning.
At that time the Herrenkrugpark was an arboretum . Foreign woods had been collected over the past decades. In 1900 there were 616 deciduous and 66 conifer species in the park.
In 1907, the racecourse of the Magdeburg Racing Club opened directly to the east of the park . Horse races had already taken place on the meadow there since 1838 .
During the Second World War, the park suffered, including from air raids. Under the operations director of the municipal green space operation, Helmut Lorenz, the park and racecourse in the GDR were restored to a well-tended condition. The park restaurant and the buildings fell into disrepair. The meadow park and the surrounding area became the military area of the Soviet armed forces.
After the end of the GDR, the buildings were renovated and the military areas cleared and made usable again for park visitors.
Inventory of the park
Borussia
In memory of the liberation of Magdeburg from French rule, a Borussia monument was donated in 1864 and erected in 1866. The cost of 1547 thalers came from the dog tax revenue. On a pedestal with the inscription To commemorate the liberation of Magdeburg from foreign rule on May 24, 1814. Donated in 1864. Erected in 1866 , there was a woman with an eagle on her head, a wreath in one hand and a spear in the other. Originally there was only one eagle on the column. The foundation stone for the memorial was laid on May 24, 1864, 50 years after Prussian troops had entered Magdeburg. At the end of the Second World War, the statue fell victim to target practice. The base is still in place today. The statue of Flora was erected around the same time. However, this has disappeared.
The Ebeling memorial stone
A memorial stone with the inscription Ebeling 1829-1902 was erected in 1904 for the teacher and botanist Christoph Wilhelm Ebeling , who founded a botanical school garden in Herrenkrugpark in 1874 . In 1991 a restoration took place.
The Graf von Schwerin memorial stone
On August 9, 1934, the participants of the annual general meeting of the German Dendrological Society honored their president Fritz Graf von Schwerin, who died in 1934, with this memorial stone.
The spherical sundial
At the end of his tenure as town architect, Friedrich Wilhelm Wolff had a spherical sundial set up at the intersection of Domallee and the dike. It bears the inscriptions:
- On this desolate land of the former Herrenkrug Meyery, this park was laid out in 1818 at the instigation of Mayor Francke with the approval of the local council, to relax and amuse the residents of Magdeburg. Under the supervision and direction of the garden deputation, this park has been built, expanded and maintained since 1818 by the city architect Wolff with the art gardeners Minding and Erich. This monument is set by the St.B. Wolff at the end of his 56-year service in 1861. C. Schönberg fecit.
In 1989 the spherical sundial was restored.
The lion
In 1845 a cast iron lion sculpture was erected. The mayor Francke was honored with the sculpture, who had made a special contribution to the Herrenkrugpark. The lion was donated by the Magdeburg printer Friedrich August Heinrich Faber. In addition to the initials of the founder , the sculpture bears the dedication:
- Thanks to him who turns the small into great,
- who created the more beautiful out of the beautiful.
- Thanks to him who outlasts ore and stone,
- which is passed on from grandson to grandson.
- The song of joy resounds to him from the air and the forest.
- The hallway is adorned with her Feyer's dress.
In the early 1950s, the lion was stolen by Soviet soldiers, but a short time later it was put back in its old place. In 1989 the sculpture was restored .
The sandstone bench FOR LAZY
The bank dates from 1819 and bears the inscription FOR LAZY . This is an acrostic poem with the meaning "For unhappy rest, for old and suffering recovery".
The sundial
The base of the sundial dates from 1818 and is said to have been originally gilded. In 1991 a new dial was made by the sculptor Martina Seffers . However, it still bears the old inscription Count only the happy hours .
Another memorial stone in the park is the Oppermannstein , which commemorates a child who drowned in the Elbe in 1854 at the age of four.
Wood collection
The park is also a collection of trees. Among other things, there are the following trees in the Herrenkrug Park:
- Sycamore , blood maple , Bloodberry maple , ash maple , field maple , Montpellier maple , Pontic maple , Rottraubiger maple , Schneeballblättriger maple , silver maple , Norway maple , Acer Pensylvanicum , Tatar steppe maple , wine maple , sugar maple , sweet gum , Amur cork tree , tree-hazel , Bitternuß , copper beech , European yew , Iberian oak , Eiblättrige ash , gold ash , black oak , common ash , chestnut , elm , antler tree , ginkgo , tree of heaven , gray poplar , silver birch , hanging beech , hornbeam , wood pear , Japanese larch , Thuja occidentalis , magnolia , magnolia acuminata , Sorbus latifolia , Sorbus aria , Swedish whitebeam , Austrian pine , Sycamore , pyramidal oak , black locust , Small-leaved black locust , beech , red oak , Balkan horse chestnut , Aesculus Pavia , Sakhalin cherry , scarlet oak , Scheeglöckschenbaum , pagoda tree , black walnut , silver lime , silver poplar , Sommerlinde , English oak , Sessile oak e , black cherry , tulip tree , redwood , bird cherry , double flowered bird cherry , Juniperus chinensis , walnut , white pine , Zerreiche , Ornamental ( Malus x magdeburgensis ), pine , Sugar birch , North American hackberry
literature
- Robert Hesse: The parks of the city of Magdeburg. Magdeburg, 1907.
- Gisela Hoke: Herrenkrug: the development of a Magdeburg landscape park. 1991.
Web links
Coordinates: 52 ° 9 ′ 5 " N , 11 ° 40 ′ 37.1" E
Individual evidence
- ↑ Friedrich Wilhelm Wolff, Magdeburg Biographical Lexicon ( Memento of the original from January 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Friedrich August Heinrich Faber, Magdeburg Biographical Lexicon ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
