Hoàng Hữu Nam

Phan Bôi , called Hoàng Hữu Nam (* 1911 in Điện Quang , District Điện Bàn , Province Quảng Nam ; † April 24, 1947 in the Province Tuyên Quang ), was a Vietnamese independence fighter who , after the August Revolution in 1945 until his untimely death The leadership of Việt Minh .

Life

Revolutionary activities in youth

He came from an influential family of scholars from the central Vietnamese province of Quảng Nam. His older brother was Phan Thanh , who was also politically active. Phan Bôi attended the prestigious Collège Quốc Hc in Huế but was expelled from school after participating in the anti-French protests sparked by the arrest of Phan Bội Châu (unrelated) in 1925.

He then went first to Hanoi , where he worked in a printing company and became politically active in nationalist and communist circles. In 1928 he joined the Revolutionary Youth League , and in 1929 the newly founded Communist Party of Annams . In the same year he moved to Saigon and became a member of the ĐDCSĐ , which soon became part of the Communist Party of Vietnam .

On February 8, 1931, on the occasion of the first anniversary of the failed Yên-Bái uprising, he gave a speech in front of the local football field following a game. When an undercover French investigator tried to arrest him, Phan Bôi's companion Lý Tự Trọng shot him. Both were caught by the authorities shortly afterwards. Lý Tự Trọng was executed at the age of seventeen and Phan Bôi was sentenced to twenty years in prison on the prison island of Poulo Condore .

However, he was released as part of an amnesty program as early as 1936 after the left-wing popular front came to power in Paris . He returned to Hanoi via Da Nang and promoted the Indochinese congress movement there . In the following years he became active as a journalist, wrote Vietnamese and French-language articles in various left-wing newspapers and became a member of the editorial committee of the communist party press. In 1939, however, he was arrested again by the French and initially imprisoned in Bắc Mê in Hà Giang before he was exiled to Madagascar in 1940 .

World War II and post-war period

After the conquest of Madagascar by British forces in 1942 during the Second World War , Phan Bôi and a few other Vietnamese prisoners were recruited as agents by a unit of the Special Operations Executive and trained in India for covert operations in 1943/44 . They were supposed to infiltrate Japanese- occupied Indochina and carry out acts of sabotage there , organize local resistance movements and free French prisoners. In September 1944, Phan Bôi and three other Vietnamese ( Hoàng Đình Giong , Lê Giản and Dương Công Hoạt ) were commissioned to free the prisoners; they landed by parachute near Cao Bằng in the mountainous north of the country. Here they quickly joined the Việt Minh resistance fighters, where their learned skills and equipment they brought with them were most welcome. The British had not anticipated the possibility that the Việt Minh would take power a year later and be hostile to the Allied troops.

Phan Bôi - who now led the battle name Hoàng Hữu Nam - quickly rose to the closest ranks and became a confidante of Hồ Chí Minh . After the proclamation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam as part of the August Revolution in 1945, he took on a number of military, political and diplomatic offices. He became head of the presidential office, undersecretary of state for the interior, and chairman of the Supreme Committee of National Defense. After the first parliamentary election in January 1946 , he represented his home province in the National Assembly and was confirmed as deputy to Interior Minister Huỳnh Thúc Kháng . Within the party, he was considered one of the leading figures of the moderate wing, which is why he led negotiations with France together with Hoàng Minh Giám and played a key role in the March 6th agreement . In the autumn of 1946 he became the representative of the military leadership in the Franco-Vietnamese mixed commission and, as front man Giáps , held an unsuccessful discussion with the French general Georges Nyo on November 3rd . During the Haiphong incident on November 20, he negotiated directly with Pierre Lami and Raoul Herckel and a few days later with Louis Morlière and Jean Sainteny , but was unable to prevent the outbreak of the Indochina War . After the evacuation of the Việt Minh leadership from Hanoi , he became interim minister of the interior.

In April 1947, Hoàng Hữu Nam drowned in the Clear River in Tuyên Quang Province. As he was known to be a good swimmer, his accidental death is occasionally questioned. According to one conspiracy theory, he was killed because he was no longer trustworthy due to his British training after Loi Tek , the Vietnamese leader of the Malay Communist Party , was exposed as a British double agent shortly before .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Cổng Thông tin điện tử thành phố Đà Nẵng: Phan Bôi (1911 - 1947) (accessed September 2017)
2. ↑ Nguyễn Đình An, Báo Đà Nẵng: Phan Thanh và sự lựa chọn con đường đấu tranh công khai , April 27, 2009 (accessed September 2017)
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Christopher E. Goscha : Historical Dictionary of the Indochina War (1945–1954) - An International and Interdisciplinary Approach , NIAS Press, Copenhagen, 2011, p. 211 (entry Hoàng Hữu Nam )
4. ^ ^{A b} Sophie Quinn-Judge: Ho Chi Minh: The Missing Years, 1919–1941 , Hurst, London 2003, p. 334 (entry Phan Boi )
5. ↑ David G. Marr: Vietnam 1945: The Quest for Power , University of California Press, Berkeley 1997, pp. 304/305
6. Jump up ↑ Stein Tønnesson : Vietnam 1946: How the War Began , University of California Press, Berkeley 2011, pp. 27, 163
7. ^ Stein Tønnesson: Vietnam 1946: How the War Began , University of California Press, Berkeley 2011, pp. 97/98
8. ^ Stein Tønnesson: Vietnam 1946: How the War Began , University of California Press, Berkeley 2011, p. 125
9. ↑ as indicated in Sophie Quinn-Judge, Ramachandra Guha (Ed.): Makers of Modern Asia , Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA 2014, pp. 78-80