Horn clover

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Horn clover
Lotus campylocladus

Lotus campylocladus

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Loteae
Genre : Horn clover
Scientific name
lotus
L.

Horn clover ( lotus ) is a genus of plants in the subfamily butterfly family (Faboideae) within the legume family (Fabaceae).

description

Illustration of the common horn clover ( Lotus corniculatus )
Inflorescence with zygomorphic flowers of the common horn clover ( Lotus corniculatus )
The legumes of the common horn clover ( Lotus corniculatus ) are curved, which gave the genus its common name

Vegetative characteristics

Horn clover species are annual or usually perennial herbaceous plants , rarely semi-shrubs to rarely shrubs .

The alternate leaves are usually sitting. Stipules are absent or are reduced to small, dark glands. Most species have pinnate leaf blades with three leaflets and two relatively large accessory leaflets at the base of the rhachis leaf , which can often be the same size as the leaflets, giving the impression of "five leaflets". The leaflets are sessile or have a very short stalk. Some species have pinnate leaf blades with 9 to 15 leaflets.

Generative characteristics

At the upper end of the stem, above a mostly relatively large, foliage -like bract on an inflorescence stem, a dold-like inflorescence that contains one to ten or more flowers is located. Most missing cover sheets or are rarely reduced to glands.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused together like a bell or trumpet. The five calyx teeth are almost the same or the upper ones are longer, sometimes they are fused to two calyx lips. The corolla have the typical shape of the butterfly flower . Most species have yellow petals that turn green in the herbarium, more rarely pink, violet, brown or white petals , often with a reddish flag. The single carpel contains many to a few ovules .

The legumes are linear to egg-shaped, pencil-shaped to flattened, straight to horn-shaped, the latter led to the common name of the genus horn clover. In most species, the legumes open longitudinally. The almost spherical or lenticular seeds are smooth or rarely warty.

ecology

Horn clover species are adapted to a wide range of habitats, they occur from the coastal region to the high mountains.

Some foot trefoil species provide food of caterpillars of some butterflies like the mustard white butterfly and Icarus Bluebird is.

Systematics

Canarian horn clover ( Lotus berthelotii )
Asparagus pea ( Lotus maritimus )
Red asparagus bean ( Lotus tetragonolobus )

The genus Lotus was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 2, page 773. Synonyms for Lotus L. are: Bonjeanea Rchb. , Scandalida Adans. , Dorycnium Mill. , Miediega Bubani , Tetragonolobus Scop. , Mullaghera Bubani .

The lotus genus is divided into sections.

In the genus Hornklee ( Lotus ) there are 125 to 130 (up to 150) species. Here is a selection:

photos

literature

  • A. Brand: Monograph of the genus Lotus. In: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. , Volume 25: 1898, pp. 166-232.
  • Peter William Ball, Anna Chrtková-Žertová: Lotus L. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin et al .: Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Cambridge University Press 1968, pp. 173-176.
  • Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder : Kosmos-Atlas Mediterranean and Canary Islands flora . Franckh Kosmos Verlag Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-440-06223-6 .
  • Joseph H. Kirkbride Jr .: Lotus systematics and distribution. P. 1–20, In: PR Beuselinck (Ed.), Trefoil: the science and technology of Lotus. CSSA Special Publ. 28. Amer. Soc. Agron./Crop Sci. Soc. Amer., 1999.
  • Manfred A. Fischer , Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Zhi Wei, Tatiana E. Kramina, Dmitry D. Sokoloff: Loteae. : Lotus Linnaeus , pp. 316–319 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 10: Fabaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 .
  • Tatiana E. Kramina, Galina V. Degtjareva, Tahir H. Samigullin, Carmen M. Valiejo-Roman, Joseph H. Kirkbride Jr., Sergei Volis, Tao Deng, Dmitry D. Sokoloff: Phylogeny of Lotus (Leguminosae: Loteae): Partial incongruence between nrITS and plastid markers and biogeographic implications. In: Taxon , Volume 65, October 2016, pp. 997-1018. doi : 10.12705 / 655.4

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Zhi Wei, Tatiana E. Kramina, Dmitry D. Sokoloff: Loteae. : Lotus Linnaeus , pp. 316–319 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 10: Fabaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 .
  2. ↑ Lotus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 30, 2018.
  3. ↑ a b Tatiana E. Kramina, Galina V. Degtjareva, Tahir H. Samigullin, Carmen M. Valiejo-Roman, Joseph H. Kirkbride Jr., Sergei Volis, Tao Deng, Dmitry D. Sokoloff: Phylogeny of Lotus (Leguminosae: Loteae ): Partial incongruence between nrITS and plastid markers and biogeographic implications. In: Taxon , Volume 65, October 2016, pp. 997-1018. doi : 10.12705 / 655.4
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r data sheet at International Legume Database Information Service = ILDIS - LegumeWeb - World Database of Legumes , Version 10.38 from July 20, 2010.

Web links

Commons : Hornklee ( Lotus )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Hornklee  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations