Hussar regiment "Emperor Nicholas II of Russia" (1st Westphalian) No. 8

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The hussar regiment "Emperor Nicholas II of Russia" (1st Westphalian) No. 8 was one of the cavalry regiment of the Prussian army .

Chief of the regiment - Emperor Nicholas II of Russia

Association membership 1914

VII Army Corps in Munster - Commanding General : General of the cavalry Karl von Eine called von Rothmaler
13th Division in Munster - Commander : Lieutenant General Kurt von dem Borne
13th Cavalry Brigade in Munster - Commander: Colonel Paul Grünert

history

Relief of a hussar in the castle guard in Neuhaus

Lineup

With the Highest Cabinet Order of March 7, 1815 (Foundation Day), the formation of a hussar regiment initially consisting of three squadrons was ordered during the campaign against France . The first regiment chiefs were the Bavarian kings Maximilian II and Ludwig II (until 1866).

This list took place near Liège .

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In January 1816 a 4th Squadron was set up and on May 12, 1816 the regiment received its final strength with the 5th Squadron.

As was not unusual at the time, the association often changed its name and was called as follows:

  • From March 25, 1815: 8th Hussar Regiment
  • From November 5, 1816: 8th Hussar Regiment (1st Westphalian)
  • From May 7, 1861: 1st Westphalian Hussar Regiment No. 8
  • From July 19, 1888: Hussar regiment "Grand Duke Nicholas of Russia" (1st Westphalian No. 8) (after the new head of the regiment)
  • From November 17, 1897: Hussar regiment "Emperor Nicholas II of Russia" (1st Westphalian No. 8)

After the deposition of the Russian tsar on March 15, 1917, he lost the head of the regiment, which from May 12, 1917 was again only called the 1st Westphalian Hussar Regiment No. 8 .

In the spring of 1918, after the return of the Guards Cavalry Division from Russia were cavalry - Associations restructured. It emerged Guard Cavalry Rifle Corps , Guard Cavalry Rifle Division , Cavalry rifle divisions , cavalry protecting commands , Cavalry Rifle Regiments and Protect - squadrons of the additive -Schützen- in term of units means that they were so-called dismounted units . The regiment was under the 14th Cavalry Rifle Command.

Campaigns and fighting

Hussars of the regiment enter Dortmund on March 14, 1912 to suppress the miners' strike .

The association was still used in 1815 during the campaign against France, fought against Denmark in 1849 and 1864 ( German-Danish War ), and in 1866 in the war against Austria .

The regiment was also used in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71.

At the beginning of the First World War, the regiment moved to the western front on August 3, 1914 with its sister regiment (Hussar Regiment No. 11) with which it was to remain in the brigade unit throughout the war. The hussars advanced as far as Meaux in order to take part in the so-called race to the sea after the Battle of the Marne and the associated retreat. This was followed by deployment at Arras , Lille and Ypres . In November 1914 the regiment was transferred to the Eastern Front and took part in the breakthrough battle at Brzeziny on November 23 and 24, 1914. This was followed by further assignments in Russian Poland, including the Vistula , Courland and Vilna . From mid-1916 the horses were given up, and by the beginning of 1918 positional battles followed in Volhynia and in the Rokitno swamps. Then the hussars were moved to the west and used in infantry in the association of the cavalry rifle division. Until the end of the war, the regiment took part in the major defensive battles.

Whereabouts

The regiment was demobilized and disbanded in the garrison Schloss Neuhaus in 1919 .

The tradition took over in the Reichswehr the 2nd squadron of the 15th (Prussian) cavalry regiment in the garrison of the castle of Neuhaus (Westphalia) . In the Wehrmacht , the regimental staff, the 5th, 9th and 11th squadrons of the cavalry regiment continued the tradition.

Garrisons

The regiment changed garrisons several times and was stationed in Lüben in 1816 , in Trier in 1817 , in Düsseldorf in 1820 , in Neuhaus near Paderborn in 1851, in Lippstadt in 1851 and finally in Neuhaus in 1858 at the Senne military training area and near the officers' riding school in Paderborn .

Members of the regiment

1st regiment commander Rittmeister Peter von Colomb monument near Zwickau

The history of the regiment from 1815 to 1918 and their members is documented by name for the period from the establishment of the regiment from 1815 to 1882, at least for the officer ranks, and can be accessed online (see web links). Below is a list of some particularly deserving personalities (without claiming to be exhaustive):

Commanders

Rank Surname date
Major / Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Peter of Colomb March 29, 1815 to October 19, 1823
Colonel Friedrich Marshal von Sulicki 0December 1, 1823 to March 29, 1829
Alexander of Simolin March 30, 1829 to March 30, 1838
Major / Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Ernst Friedrich von Natzmer March 30, 1838 to January 24, 1839
Lieutenant colonel Carl von Rohr March 22, 1843 to March 30, 1846
major Adolf von Westarp March 31, 1846 to May 4, 1850
Major / Lieutenant Colonel Moritz von Inn- and Knyphausen 0May 7, 1850 to January 12, 1853
Major / Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Eugen Erdmann of Württemberg January 13, 1853 to October 29, 1856
Colonel Ferdinand von der Lancken October 30, 1856 to May 11, 1860
Colonel Gustav Waldemar von Rauch May 12, 1860 to July 1, 1862
Major / Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Hermann von Rantzau 0July 2, 1862 to April 17, 1868
Major / Lieutenant Colonel Theodor Heusinger from Waldegg October 27, 1868 to December 10, 1869
major Benno von Arent December 11, 1869 to March 9, 1870 (in charge of the tour)
Major / Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Benno von Arent March 10, 1870 to November 15, 1875
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Friedrich Wilhelm von Niesewand November 16, 1875 to October 16, 1883
Titus of Sczytnicki October 17, 1883 to April 15, 1889
Werner von Below April 16, 1889 to February 16, 1893
Georg von Cettritz and Neuhaus February 17, 1893 to August 17, 1897
Colonel Heinrich von Holy-Poniecitz August 18, 1897 to March 21, 1902
Colonel Friedrich von Lyncker March 22, 1902 to July 20, 1906
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Reinhard von Wechmar July 21, 1906 to May 22, 1911
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Heinrich von Bodelschwingh May 23, 1911 to March 23, 1915
Lieutenant colonel Hans von Sydow March 24, 1915 to February 12, 1917
Lieutenant colonel Ehrenreich von Manstein February 13, 1917 until dissolution

Other members of the regiment

Equipment / uniform

Heinrich Freiherr Droste zu Hülshoff (1875–1934) in the uniform of a hussar

The peace uniform of the hussars consisted of a dark blue Attila with white lacing. This included a dark blue fur skirt with white trimmings (a gift from Tsar Nicholas II). On the armpits there was a white metal N with a Russian tsar's crown. The same badge, made of red wool, was affixed to the armpits of the men and officers . The fur hat was made of seal skin for men and non-commissioned officers and of opposum skin for officers . On the front of the cap was the so-called fatherland bandeau made of brass with the inscription "With God for King and Fatherland", as well as the cockade in the Prussian colors, designated as National. The Kolpak was light blue. A black and white plume could be tucked behind the National for parade. In order to hold the fur hat under the chin, it was equipped with brass scale chains . These were usually tied up at the front of the hat (they were hung over the national.) A white bandolier with a black cartridge ran from the left shoulder to the right hip . On the left hip hung the so-called saber pocket, the lid of which was decorated with the initials FWR and a crown. The breeches were anthracite colored.

This uniform was also worn for field service until around 1912. Already ordered by AKO on February 14, 1907 and gradually introduced from 1909/1910, the colorful uniform was replaced for the first time by the field-gray field service uniform (M 1910) on the occasion of the imperial maneuver in 1913. This was completely similar to the peace uniform, but the lacing was gray. The leather gear and the boots were natural brown, the fur hat was covered by a fabric cover called reed-colored. The bandolier and the cartridge were no longer applied to this uniform.

References

literature

  • Norbert Börste: The 8th hussars and their garrison in Neuhaus and Paderborn. Bonifatius, Paderborn 2001, ISBN 3-89710-168-8 .
  • Günther Voigt (author), Hans Bleckwenn , Dermot Bradley (ed.): Germany's armies until 1918. Origin and development of the individual formations. Volume 7: Cavalry, Hussars and Uhlans. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1981, ISBN 3-7648-1199-4 .
  • Hugo W. Schulz: The Prussian Cavalry Regiments 1913/1914. Weltbild Verlag, Augsburg 1992, ISBN 3-89350-343-9 , (reprint of the Friedberg 1985 edition).
  • Jürgen Kraus (Author), Stefan Rest (Ed.): The German Army in the First World War. Uniforms and equipment 1914 to 1918. Militaria Publishing House, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-9501642-5-1 (on the occasion of the anniversary celebration “125 years of the Bavarian Army Museum Ingolstadt 2004”).
  • August Hamm, Kurt Moewes: History of the 1st Westphalian Hussar Regiment No. 8 . Ernst Siegfried Mittler, Berlin 1882.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Günter Wegmann (Ed.), Günter Wegner: Formation history and staffing of the German armed forces 1815-1990. Part 1: Occupation of the German armies 1815–1939. Volume 3: The occupation of the active regiments, battalions and departments from the foundation or list up to August 26, 1939. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1993, ISBN 3-7648-2413-1 , pp. 117–118.
  2. ^ Regiment commander Rittmeister Duke Eugen von Württemberg (list of officers no.125)
  3. ↑ Otto Zaretzky:  Adolf Georg, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 55, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1910, pp. 361-663.
  4. ^ Christian Scholl, Anne-Katrin Sors: Before the paintings: Eduard Bendemann draws . Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2012, ISBN 978-3-86395-083-5 , PDF file, p. 11