Icacinaceae

Icacinaceae
	Cassinopsis ilicifolia
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Eudicotyledons
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Family :	Icacinaceae
Scientific name
	Icacinaceae
	Miers

The Icacinaceae are a family of tropical and subtropical plant species.

description

Illustration of Apodytes dimidiata

Some species of the family produce edible fruits, such as Lavigeria macrocarpa ("Bush carrot")

The Icacinaceae are woody plants: trees , shrubs or lianas . With some types of lianas, a white milky sap emerges from their stem axis when damaged ; other species do not have such a colored milky sap. Most alternate , in some liana species probably against constantly arranged leaves are usually not stalked. The leathery leaf blades are simple . The leaf margin is often lobed or toothed. There are no stipules.

The inflorescences are zymös , paniculate or otherwise structured. The unisexual or hermaphrodite flowers are often inconspicuous. The small, radially symmetrical flowers are tetracyclic (there is only one stamen circle) and usually four or five-fold (rarely three or six-fold). There are no or four or five (rarely three or six) sepals . There are no or four to five (rarely three or six) petals present; they are all free or all grown together. The four or five (rarely three or six) stamens are free from each other. Most three (rarely two, four, or five) carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown. The only pistil per flower ends in one to five stigmas .

The fruits are fleshy drupes or samaras , which are single-seeded, winged nut fruits ; in some species the fruits are edible.

Apodytes dimidiata

Emmotum nitens

Icacina oliviformis

Nothapodytes foetida

Pyrenacantha malvifolia

Systematics and distribution

They are mainly found in the tropics and subtropics , but some taxa are also found in temperate South Africa and eastern Australia .

The Icacinaceae are not assigned to any order within the Euasteriden I , as their exact position within this group has not yet been clarified.

The internal systematics of the Icacinaceae family is controversial, 24 or 25 (or with some authors between 35 and 52) genera are assigned to it. Depending on the number of genera assigned, 149 up to 400 species belong to the family. The AP website follows the view of Kårehed (2001, 2002) according to which the family has the smaller size of 24 to 25 genera with a maximum of 150 species.

The following genera belong to the family without being contradicted:

Alsodeiopsis olive. : The eleven or so species occur in tropical Africa .

Apodytes E. Mey. ex Arn. : The approximately 15 species are distributed in the tropics - especially in Africa.

Calatola Standl. : The approximately seven species occur from Mexico to Ecuador .

Casimirella Hassl. : The seven or so species are common in the Neotropic .

Cassinopsis Sond. : The approximately six species occur in Africa and Madagascar .

Chlamydocarya Baill. : The six or so species are common in tropical Africa.

Desmostachys Planch. ex Miers : The seven or so species are distributed in tropical Africa and Madagascar.

Emmotum Desv. ex Ham. : The twelve or so species are common in tropical South America .

Hosiea Hemsl. & EHWilson : The only two types are found in China and Japan .

Icacina A. Juss. : The six or so species are common in tropical Africa.

Icacina oliviformis (Poir.) J.Raynal : From West Africa to Central Africa and Sudan.

Iodes flower : The approximately 28 species are common in the tropics.

Lavigeria Pierre : It contains only one species:

Lavigeria macrocarpa (Oliv.) Pierre : It occurs in tropical Central Africa .

Leretia Vell. : It contains only one type:

Leretia cordata Vell. : It occurs in tropical South America.

Mappia Jacq. : The four or so species are common in the Neotropics.

Mappianthus Hand.-Mazz. : The only two species occur in southern China and Borneo .

Merrilliodendron Kaneh. : It contains only one type:

Merrilliodendron rotense Kaneh. : It occurs in the Philippines and on islands of the western Pacific .

Miquelia Meissn. : The eight or so species occur in the Indomalesian region.

Natsiatopsis in short : it contains only one species:

Natsiatopsis thunbergiifolia In short : It only occurs in Myanmar .

Natsiatum Buch.-Ham. ex Arn. : It contains only one type:

Natsiatum herpeticum Buch.-Ham. ex Arn. : It occurs from the eastern Himalayas to Southeast Asia .

Nothapodytes flower : The approximately five species occur in Indomalesien and East Asia .

Oecopetalum Greenm. & CHThomps. : The approximately three species occur from Mexico to Central America .

Ottoschulzia Urb. : The three or so species occur in Central America.

Phytocrene Wall. : The elevenor sospecies are found in Malesia and Southeast Asia.

Pittosporopsis Craib : It contains only one species:

Pittosporopsis kerrii Craib : It occurs in Southeast Asia.

Platea flower : The five species are found in Malesia.

Pleurisanthes Baill. : The six or so species are common in tropical South America.

Polycephalium Engl .: The only two species are common in tropical Africa.

Polyporandra Becc. : It contains only one type:

Polyporandra scandens Becc. : It occurs in eastern Malesia and Melanesia .

Poraqueiba Aubl. : The three types are common in tropical South America.

Poraqueiba sericea Tul. : From northern Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru and Ecuador.

Pseudobotrys Moeser : The only two species occur only in New Guinea .

Pyrenacantha Hook. ex Wight : The 20 or so species are common in the tropics.

Rhaphiostylis Planch. ex Benth. : The six or so species are common in tropical Africa.

Rhyticaryum Becc. : The approximately twelve species are distributed in eastern Malesia and the western Pacific.

Sarcostigma Wight & Arn. : The only two species occur in Indomalesia .

Stachyanthus Engl .: The approximately six species occur in tropical Africa.

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The Icacinaceae family on the AP website. (Sections description and systematics; in the scope of 24-25 genera)
The Icacinaceae family at DELTA. (Section description; in the scope of 52 genera)
Hua Peng & Richard A. Howard: Icacinaceae, p. 505 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 11 - Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2008. ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3 (Description section; comprising 57 genera)

Individual evidence

↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group : An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Vol. 161, No. 2, 2009, ISSN 0024-4074 , pp. 105-121 doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses . 3. Edition. Cambridge University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).

Web links

Commons : Icacinaceae - collection of images, videos and audio files

Entry in the Interactive Keys of Xiangying Wen (English)
Description in the flora of Chile to the extent of with 38 genera. (Spanish, pdf; 300 kB)

[APGIII-1] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group : An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Vol. 161, No. 2, 2009, ISSN 0024-4074 , pp. 105-121 doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x

[Mabberley2008-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses . 3. Edition. Cambridge University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).