Ilyushin Il-14

Ilyushin Il-14
Type:	Transport plane
Design country:	Soviet Union
Manufacturer:	Ilyushin
First flight:	July 13, 1950
Commissioning:	November 30, 1954
Production time:	1953-1959
Number of pieces:	1348

The Ilyushin Il-14 ( Russian Ильюшин Ил-14 , NATO code name : Crate ) is a Soviet short- and medium-range airliner with two piston engines . It was the improved successor to the Il-12 . Except for the Avia 14 Super version , the Il-14 was not equipped with a pressurized cabin .

history

Il-14 at Leipzig Airport , 1956

cockpit

Passenger cabin

The aircraft was developed to replace the Ilyushin Il-12, the successor to the Li-2 , a Douglas DC-3 manufactured under license in the Soviet Union . The first flight took place on July 13, 1950. The Il-14 is a twin-engine, low- wing propeller plane. The aircraft was used for both civil and military purposes, e.g. B. used as a transport aircraft.

The project planning began in 1947 immediately after the end of the testing of the Il-12 and initially provided for the use of two 18-cylinder ASch-73 engines , but this was rejected after some considerations. The Il-14 should eliminate problems with the de-icing system caused by the corrosion caused by the exhaust gases when the Il-12 is in operation and it should also be manageable in single-engine flight at low speed and in turbulence. If an engine fails during take-off, the aircraft should still be able to complete the process successfully. The necessary investigations were carried out with state funding and support from the Aerohydrodynamic Institute (ZAGI) and the Institute for Flight Research (LII). As a result, the received support surface of the Il-14 a through SR-5 - profile and a negative sweep angle of 3 ° at 1/4 depth that a flow separation in the region of the ailerons should prevent. As a drive, it was decided to use two ASch-82T , which, in contrast to the ASch-82FN used in the Il-12, delivered 50 HP more take-off power, had a 15% lower fuel throughput and were equipped with newly developed AW-50 adjustable propellers with 3, 8 m in diameter .

The first prototype , which was flown for the first time on July 13, 1950, was, however, still equipped with the supporting and vertical stabilizer of the Il-12 and was only used to test the ASch-82T and the on-board systems. The second aircraft, known as the Il-14P due to the new de-icing system, received the typical angular vertical stabilizer with an area increased by 17% in addition to the new wings. It took off for the first time on October 1, 1950. During the trial, engine failures were practically tested for the first time in the Soviet Union during the critical start-up phase, which subsequently became a necessary part of the test for approval. The subsequent state testing from the end of 1951 to August of the following year was successfully completed and ended with the decision for series production. The first Il-14P to be mass-produced in the Tashkent aircraft factory made its maiden flight on March 14, 1954, and after successful field trials at sometimes extreme temperatures down to -55 ° C, it was used on the Aeroflot airlines on November 30, 1954 .

The majority of the 1348 machines produced were manufactured in the Soviet Union by the works No. 30 "Snamja Truda" in Moscow and No. 84 in Tashkent. 80 machines were manufactured in the GDR by VEB Flugzeugwerke Dresden as Il-14P between 1956 and 1959 . In Czechoslovakia the aircraft was built under the designation Avia 14. Later the Avia 14/32 from the Il-14M, the Avia 14 / 32A with structurally reinforced fuselage and higher take-off mass, the Avia 14 Salon and the photo machine Av 14FG were developed. A total of 203 Avia 14s were manufactured from 1958 to 1962.

construction

Outwardly, the Il-14 is very similar to its predecessor Il-12. The circular fuselage cross-section and the nose wheel landing gear were adopted from the Il-12. The wings are designed as trapezoidal wings with a high aerodynamic aspect ratio with straight wing tips. The flaps on the rear edge are slotted flaps. The vertical tail unit has a square shape with a protruding tail unit edge and a relatively small dorsal fin.

The Il-14 is driven by two 14-cylinder radial engines of the Schwezow ASch-82T type and AW-50 four-blade controllable pitch propellers with a diameter of 3.80 m. The engines, the propellers, the front and the tail units are equipped with de-icing systems.

Versions

• Il-14P : first series version for max. 28 passengers, produced from 1954. P stands for de-icing system.
  • Il-14S : Il-14SI , Il-14SO : Salon variants with windows that have been changed in number and arrangement.
  • Il-14FK : Photo version with bottom flaps for camera equipment.
• Il-14M : variant extended by one meter from 1955 for max. 36 passengers; later a second emergency exit was installed.
  • Il-14FKM : photo version with camera flaps
• Il-14G : Freight version for the polar and civil air fleets without an entrance door on the right-hand side.
  • Il-14GR : sub -version with a modified loading hatch and right-hand access door
• Il-14T : military standard transport version with a loading hatch on the left and a right entrance door slightly forward, also suitable for dropping parachutists. Shooting hatches for small arms were let into the side cabin windows. Some examples were also used by Aeroflot and the polar air fleet, often with a ski undercarriage.
• Avia 14 : Czechoslovak replica with the hull extended by one meter. The main variant was Av 14/32, where the number behind the slash stands for the number of passengers. There was also the Av 14/40 and the only Czechoslovak version with a normally shorter hull Av 14/24. Nine Av 14/32 were converted to transport paratroopers in 1958 and delivered to Indonesia. An Av 14/24 served as an engine test vehicle for the L-410 , with the unit housed under the bow in a chin gondola. At the beginning of the 1960s, four Av 14/24 were converted into transporters with a large loading hatch on the port side and a reduced number of windows for the ČSA .
  • Av 14T : transport version ; Two copies received a radar nose and equipment for navigator training in the Czechoslovak Air Force in the early 1960s.
  • Av 14F : special photo version for China, four pieces delivered in 1959.
  • Av 14FG : special photo variant that was created at the end of the 1960s by converting ten copies from Soviet and Czechoslovak production at Aero Vodochody .
  • Av 14S : saloon aircraft; the number of cabin windows was later changed.
• Av 14 Super : Version with pressurized cabin, recognizable by the different number of round cabin windows.

use

The aircraft was in service in almost all Comecon countries, in addition to the Eastern European countries, Cuba and Vietnam , as well as Afghanistan , Chad , Iraq , North Korea , the People's Republic of China , Egypt , Syria and South Yemen . The Il-14 was also used as a VIP aircraft for Egypt's President Gamal Abdel Nasser , India's Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru , Yugoslavia's President Tito and the Shah of Persia.

Incidents

From the first flight in 1950 to November 2017, the Ilyushin Il-14 caused 97 total aircraft losses. In 73 of them, a total of 1054 people were killed. Examples:

• On July 22, 1960, an Il-14P (T) of the National People's Army (400) collided with the first of the four 140-meter-high chimneys of the Vockerode power plant in fog . The machine crashed on the power plant site, with its six occupants and a power plant employee died on the ground (see also aircraft accident in the Vockerode power plant ) .

• On July 6, 1962, an Aeroflot Il-14 ( aircraft registration number СССР-91554) crash-landed on the flight from Bukhara to Tashkent after an engine failure , killing 11 of the 38 occupants (see also Aeroflot flight 40 ) .

• On January 1, 1966, an Ilyushin Il-14P (СССР-61618) of Aeroflot suffered an engine failure while cruising from Magadan to Petropavlovsk. Since the altitude could not be maintained, the copilot suggested an emergency landing in the snow. The captain refused, however, and flew into the flank of Mount Yurchik, 60 km northwest of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky . All 23 occupants, 5 crew members and 18 passengers were killed (see also the flight accident of the Ilyushin Il-14 СССР-61618 of Aeroflot ).

• On April 23, 1966, the crew of an Ilyushin Il-14P (СССР-61772) of Aeroflot declared an air emergency shortly after take-off from Baku airport due to a double engine failure . The successfully ditched machine was only found 20 days later on the bottom of the Caspian Sea . All 33 occupants were killed (see also Aeroflot flight 2723 ) .

Technical specifications

Three-sided tear

Parameter	Il-14P	Il-14M
crew	4th	5
Passengers	26-32	Max. 36
length	21.30 m	22.31 m
span	31.70 m
height	7.90 m	7.8 m
Wing area	100 m²
Empty mass		12,700 kg
Preparation mass	12,000 kg
Takeoff mass	17,000 kg	Max. 18,500 kg
Cruising speed	Max. 345 km / h	345 km / h
Top speed	395 km / h	430 km / h
Landing speed	135 km / h
Rate of climb	6.2 m / s
Summit height	7000 m	6500 m
Range	Max. 3200 km	2250 km
drive	2 double radial motors Schwezow ASch-82 T
power	1,397 kW each (approx. 1,900 PS)

Preserved copies

Germany

• Reichenbach : The machine exhibited at a car dealership (serial number: 14803008) with the registration number DM-ZZB was the first machine produced by the Dresden aircraft factory. It was also used as a test aircraft for the 152 horizontal stabilizer . Under the registration number DM-SAZ it flew from 1961 to 1967 with the Deutsche Lufthansa of the GDR and with the Interflug . From 1967 to November 2000 it was an attraction at the “Waldperle” restaurant in the Wergau forest.
• Aircraft Museum Cämmerswalde : The machine on display (serial number: 14803008) with the registration number DM-SAB flew at Interflug until 1970.
• Dessau : The DM-SAF (serial number: 14803016) exhibited in the Hugo Junkers technology museum flew at Interflug until 1967. It can be viewed from the inside.
• Dresden: The DM-SAL (work number: 14803026) parked on the premises of the Dresden aircraft yard was the last Il-14 to fly in the GDR. It was used by Interflug until 1984, most recently as a measurement aircraft . The aircraft is not open to the public.
• Finowfurt : The Il-14 (work number: 14803035, tactical no. 482) exhibited in the Aviation Museum Finowfurt flew as a saloon machine for the NVA until 1982.
• Hermeskeil : The machine exhibited at the Hermeskeil Air Show was used by the Polish Air Force as a saloon machine until 1988 .
• The German Museum of Technology in Berlin also has an Il-14 (work number: 14803045). It is the DM-SAM, which was used by Interflug until 1983 - most recently as a photo airplane. It is currently being worked on and is not open to the public.
• Grimmen : An Il-14 ("DM-SAD"; work number: 14803011) partially restored in the style of Interflug is in the MV technology park in Grimmen (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania). It is planned to make the machine accessible to visitors.
• In the Technikmuseum Sinsheim an Il-14 is exhibited in a color scheme based on that of the former Bulgarian airline Balkan . The machine was probably produced in the USSR and flew in the Polish Air Force.

With the exception of the Sinsheimer Il-14, all machines in Germany come from Dresden.

Switzerland

• The Il-14 (serial number 01146) was made airworthy, flown over to Zurich-Kloten and exhibited in Glattbrugg in a restaurant at the end of runway 34 with the left outer wing removed.

literature

• de Agostini (ed.): Aircraft - The new encyclopedia of aviation . No. 83 . TOPIC, Munich-Karlsfeld 1994, p. 2297-2301 .
• Jefim Gordon , Dmitri Komissarow: Ilyushin IL-12 and IL-14 - Successors to the Li-2 . Midland Publishing Ltd, Hinckley 2005, ISBN 1-85780-223-3 .
• Manfred Meyer: Versions: Ilyushin IL-14 (1st part) . In: Fliegerrevue . No. 6/1992 . Brandenburgisches Verlagshaus, ISSN  0941-889X , p. 45 (261) .
• Manfred Meyer: Versions: Ilyushin IL-14 (2nd part) . In: Fliegerrevue . No. 7/1992 . Brandenburgisches Verlagshaus, ISSN  0941-889X , p. 45 (309) .
• Holger Lorenz: The German variant of the Soviet IL-14P. (Ed .: Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik Sachsen-Thüringen), Groer, Chemnitz 2019, ISBN 978-3-00-062500-8 .

Web links

Commons : Ilyushin Il-14  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Information about the Il-14
• The Il-14 in the GDR. In: biancahoegel.de. Retrieved July 27, 2020 . 

Individual evidence

1. ^ Accident list: Ilyushin Il-14. In: aviation-safety.net. Retrieved July 27, 2020 (English). 
2. ^ ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin Il-14 CCCP-91554 Tashkent Airport (TAS). In: aviation-safety.net. Retrieved July 27, 2020 (English). 
3. ↑ Accident report IL-14 СССР-61618 , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on January 14, 2018.
4. ↑ Ilyushin IL-14P . FR collection series. In: Fliegerrevue .
5. ^ History - "Landhotel Waldperle". In: waldperle-langenbernsdorf.de. Retrieved July 30, 2018 . 
6. ^ DM-SAD. In: interflug.biz. Retrieved July 29, 2020 . 
7. ↑ Information about the machine on skybird-ev.de, accessed on April 24, 2017. The serial number 146000833 indicates a Soviet manufacturer.
8. ↑ Locations of the former Interflug planes on interflug.biz, accessed on April 24, 2017
9. ↑ Detlef Meyer, Manfred Billig: Aircraft of the GDR , Part 1, Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-613-02198-6 , p. 181 ff.
10. ↑ IL-14, The Airplane. Retrieved on July 30, 2019 (history of the Il-14 with serial number 01146.).