Imam Reza Shrine

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Imam Reza Shrine
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The Imam Reza Shrine ( Persian حرم امام رضا, DMG Ḥaram-e Emām Reżā ) in Mashhad ( Iran ) is a building complex that contains the mausoleum of Imam ar-Ridā (Persian Imam Reza ), the eighth Imam of the Twelve Shiites . It also houses the Goharschad Mosque , a museum, a library, four seminars, a cemetery, the Razavi University for Islamic Sciences, a dining room for pilgrims, large prayer halls and other buildings.

This complex forms the center of tourism in Iran and is visited by 15 to 20 million pilgrims annually. The shrine itself covers an area of ​​267,079 m²; the seven inner courtyards that surround the shrine also have an area of ​​331,578 m² - a total of 598,657 m².

history

In the year 818, Imam ar-Ridā was allegedly tormented to death by al-Ma'mūn and buried next to the grave of Hārūn ar-Rashīd . After this incident the place was named Mashhad ar-Rida ("Place of the Martyr"). Shiites and Sunnis began to visit the tomb on their pilgrimage. Towards the end of the 9th century, a dome was built on the grave, and many buildings and bazaars were built around it. It has been devastated and rebuilt several times within a millennium.

In 993 the holy shrine of Sebük ​​Tigin , a king of the Ghaznavids, was destroyed . However, in 1009 his son, Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni , ordered the shrine to be repaired and expanded. Around 1150, the Seljuk Sultan Ahmad Sandjar renovated the sanctuary and added new buildings after his son was miraculously healed in the shrine. The Ilkhan Öldscheitü , who converted to Shia, also prepared the holy shrine in 1310. The famous Muslim traveler Ibn Battuta visited Mashhad in 1333 and told of a large city in which there were fruit trees, rivers and mills in abundance.

In the 15th century, during the reign of Shah Ruch , Mashhad became one of the most important cities of the Timurid dynasty . In 1418, his wife Gauhar-Schad funded the construction of a mosque next to the shrine, now known as the Gauhar-Schad Mosque (Gouharschad Mosque).

In March 1912, the shrine, which was visited by a clergyman and his followers for protection from his opponents, was bombed by order of the commander of the Russian troops stationed there, injuring and killing many innocent people and pilgrims, causing great outrage in the Islamic world resulted in.

On June 20, 1994, the shrine was bombed, 70 people were killed and 100 injured.

The shrine is depicted on the 100 rial coin issued since 2004 .

Courtyards

The complex comprises a total of seven inner courtyards ( Sahn ):

  • Sahn Inqilab - "Inner Courtyard of the Revolution"
  • Sahn Azadi - "Freedom Courtyard"
  • Sahn Imam Khomeini
  • Sahn Gowharshad Mosque
  • Cream Quds
  • Sahn Jumhuri Islami - "Inner Courtyard of the Islamic Republic"
  • Sahn Jameh Razavi - "Great Razavi Courtyard"
  • Sahn Gadeer

The Sahn also contain 14 minarets and three fountains.

Halls

External passages named after scholars, called Bast , lead from the Sahn to the inner areas of the mosque.

The bast corridors lead to a total of 21 inner halls ( riwaq ), which surround the burial chamber of ar-Ridā. Adjacent to the burial chamber is a 10th century mosque known as the Bala-e-Sar Mosque.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Imam Reza Shrine  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Islamic Seminaries At The Holy Shrine ( Memento of the original dated May 30, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.imamreza.net
  2. ↑ Sacred Sites: Mashhad, Iran ( Memento of the original from November 27, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sacredsites.com
  3. ↑ The Glory of the Islamic World ( Memento of the original from June 12, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.imamreza.net
  4. ↑ English documents on the strangulation of Persia. Verlag Der Neue Orient, Berlin 1917, p. 37 f.
  5. ^ Edward G. Browne: The Press and Poetry of Modern Persia. , Cambridge 1914, p. 336
  6. ^ Entry in the Global Terrorism Database. University of Maryland. Retrieved March 1, 2019.

Coordinates: 36 ° 17 ′ 16.9 ″  N , 59 ° 36 ′ 56.7 ″  E