Israelite hospital and nurses' home
The Israelitische Kranken- und Nuristerheim was a hospital in the Munich district of Ludwigsvorstadt . It existed from 1910 to 1942.
history
There was a Jewish sisterhood in Munich since the end of the 19th century. The hospital and nurses' home was founded in 1910 in the building at Hermann-Schmid-Straße 5, which was converted for this purpose. The building at Hermann-Schmid-Straße 7 was added later. The aim of the foundation was to set up a hospital in accordance with the progress in medicine and hygiene at the time and to take special account of, among other things, religious dietary laws when catering for Jewish patients. The hospital was open to all denominations until 1933. It was also used by many well-known Munich doctors to treat and operate on their patients, including the surgeon Prince Ludwig Ferdinand .
After the seizure of power in 1933, people of Jewish origin were no longer admitted to state and city hospitals, which resulted in serious space problems in the Israelite hospital. Since the November pogroms of 1938 , the operation of the hospital has been monitored by the SS and Gestapo and only doctors and employees of Jewish origin were allowed to enter it. In June 1942, the hospital was closed by order of the Nazi administration and the approximately 50 patients, including the seriously ill and dying, accompanied by three sisters and the chief doctor were transported in a furniture van to the Südbahnhof , from where they were transported to the Theresienstadt ghetto . From there they were taken to the extermination camps. The only survivors were the chief physician Julius Spanier , his wife and two of the sisters.
In the period that followed, the buildings were used as accommodation by the NS-Verein Lebensborn . In 1944 both buildings were destroyed in bombing raids.
memorial
At the site of the former hospital there is now a memorial that was created by Horst Auer in 1993 . It consists of a slanted steel plate with an inscription, which is traversed by a crack. It is penetrated in the middle by another steel plate, which has the shape of a massive grid.
Coordinates: 48 ° 7 ′ 41.3 ″ N , 11 ° 33 ′ 10 ″ E
literature
- Helga Pfoertner: Living with history. Vol. 2, Literareron, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-8316-1025-8 , pp. 25-28 ( PDF; 3.8 MB ( Memento from December 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ))
- Julius Spanier: The Israelite Hospital and Nursing Home. In: Hans Lamm (Ed.): Past days. Jewish culture in Munich , Langen Müller Verlag, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-7844-1867-8 , pp. 126–129.