Jänschwalde
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Coordinates: 51 ° 52 ' N , 14 ° 30' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Brandenburg | |
| County : | Spree-Neisse | |
| Office : | Peitz | |
| Height : | 62 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 82.37 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 1536 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 19 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postcodes : | 03197, 03172 (Grießen) |
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| Primaries : | 035607, except OT Grießen: 035696 | |
| License plate : | SPN, FOR, GUB, SPB | |
| Community key : | 12 0 71 193 | |
| LOCODE : | DE JWE | |
| Community structure: | 4 districts | |
| Office administration address: | Schulstrasse 6 03185 Peitz |
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| Mayor : | Helmut Badtke | |
| Location of the municipality of Jänschwalde in the Spree-Neisse district | ||
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Jänschwalde , Janšojce in Lower Sorbian , is an officially bilingual municipality in the Spree-Neisse district in Brandenburg in eastern Germany . It is an official parish of the Peitz Office . Jänschwalde is known for the lignite opencast mining of the same name and the nearby Jänschwalde power station .
geography
The community belongs to Niederlausitz . The next small town is Peitz , Cottbus is 25 kilometers away. The Jänschwalde open-cast lignite mine , which extends in the east to the Neisse and thus to the border with Poland , takes up a larger part of the community area . The southern border of the place forms the Malxe .
Community structure
The municipal area consists of the districts (with associated living spaces ):
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Jänschwalde village / ( Lower Sorbian ) Janšojce-Wjas
- Colony / Pipanojce
- Friedrichshof / Frisof
- Jänschwalde-Ost / Janšojce-Pódzajtšo
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Drewitz / Drjejce
- Kleinsee / Małe jazorko
- Grießen / Grěšna
The district of the devastated village Horno / Rogow also belongs to the municipality.
Jänschwalde village
The village is separated from the district of Kolonie by the small stream Puschanitza , whereby from a legal point of view both parts represent a contiguous district.
In the immediate vicinity of the church, which was built between 1806 and 1807, there is a restaurant and the "youth booth" as an offer for the young people in the village, as well as some shops. The free-standing, low bell tower houses three bells from the 15th and 16th centuries. In the German-Wendish museum right next to the church, which was set up in the former school building and in the parish barn, you can find out about the past of the place in an entertaining way. The life of the parish has another center in the nearby rectory, which is open to all age groups.
colony
In the so-called colony you will find the cemetery and the agricultural cooperative. In the center of the colony was the restaurant Brauhaus Zur Linde .
Jänschwalde-Ost
Three kilometers further through the forest is Jänschwalde-Ost, which was built from 1952 as a residential area for professional soldiers from the nearby military airfield. For this airfield and the associated barracks, the military use ended on December 31, 1995 with the handover of the properties by the Bundeswehr to the Federal Agency for Real Estate Tasks .
There are mainly new buildings as well as a primary school and a kindergarten . The local Krabat primary school offers Witaj . In addition, the rural socio-cultural center serves as a meeting point for leisure activities for young and old with handicraft afternoons, a library and sports activities such as judo .
history
prehistory
Excavations since 2013 have shown that Neanderthals inhabited the area around Jänschwalde about 130,000 years ago, at the beginning of the Eem warm period , and that they hunted horses there; Among the animal remains were also bones of bison priscus , the steppe bison . Among the tools was a scraper, which was probably used to remove animal hides. A machined flint shield core was discovered in a trench about 150 meters from the edge of the open pit . With it the Neanderthals made tools and weapons.
The oldest traces up to then also came from hunters and gatherers , but at 13,000 years they were significantly younger. The more recent archaeological traces are flint weapons used by reindeer hunters at the end of the last glacial period . As early as 1903, the first mammoth skeleton in Germany was excavated on the edge of the opencast mine .
Numerous burial sites from the Neolithic and Bronze Age came to light, many of which were equipped with flint tips and flint daggers as accessories. From around 1000 BC The Bronze Age post structures excavated on the Hornoer Höhe - where the opencast mine has been concentrated since 2009 - date back to the 4th century BC . These had storage areas for grain, wells that secured the water supply at high altitude, and other graves. At the beginning of 2008 a Germanic village from the 3rd and 4th centuries was excavated. In addition to house plans, there were fountains, a flour mill, a forge for making jewelry, fibulae and numerous other artifacts .
middle Ages
Jänschwalde is said to have been created by Wendish settlers as early as the 13th century . The Sorbian name for the place - Janšojce - means in German that belonging to Jan, Jansch or Jänsch , which presumably referred to a settlement in the Malxebruch under the direction of a Jan or Jänsch. In 1346 Jänschwalde - written Genschwalde - was mentioned in the so-called Meißen matriculation as a church village, which had to pay three groschen church tax to the diocese . The place arose on a flat island in the valley in the marshland of the Malxen lowlands. The houses were log houses with thatched roofs resting on large boulders.
Modern times and recent history
After 1945, a third was added to the existing districts - Jänschwalde-Ost. About 2000 people found a new home here, mostly professional soldiers and employees of the National People's Army , which operated a military airfield here , with their families.
Jänschwalde and Drewitz belonged to the Cottbus district since 1816 , and Grießen to the Guben district in the Prussian province of Brandenburg . In 1952 the communities were incorporated into the Guben district in the GDR district of Cottbus . Since 1993 they have been in the Brandenburg district of Spree-Neisse.
- Incorporations
On July 1, 1998, Horno was incorporated, which was devastated in 2004 as a result of the adjacent open- cast brown coal mine . Drewitz and Grießen were incorporated on October 26, 2003.
- Development of the place name
- 1346: Genschwalde
- 1484: Gentzwalde
- 1554: Jenischwalde and Jenßwalde
- 1775: Genschwalde
- 1784: Jaenischwalde
Population development
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Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census
politics
Community representation
The community council of Jänschwalde consists of 11 community representatives and the honorary mayor. In the local elections on May 26, 2019 , with a turnout of 68.3%, the following result for the composition of the municipal council resulted :
| Party / candidate | Share of votes | Seats |
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| Voting group future community Jänschwalde | 19.3% | 2 |
| AfD | 17.8% | 2 |
| Voting group We for Drewitz in Jänschwalde | 16.5% | 2 |
| The left | 11.4% | 1 |
| Agriculture and Environment voters group | 9.9% | 1 |
| Voting group Domowina | 8.9% | 1 |
| Citizens' alliance of landowners in the community of Grießen | 8.5% | 1 |
| Single applicant Sieglinde Zoellner | 4.1% | 1 |
Helmut Badtke ran for both community representative and mayor. Since he accepted the election as mayor, his seat in the municipal council remains vacant according to § 60 (3) of the Brandenburg Local Election Act.
mayor
- 1998–2003: Günter Strafe
- 2003–2014: Heinz Schwietzer
- since 2014: Helmut Badtke
In the mayoral election on May 26, 2019, Badtke was elected unopposed with 75.8% of the valid votes for a further term of five years.
Parish partnership
There is a community partnership with Iłowa (until 1945 Halbau ) in the Polish part of Upper Lusatia .
Sights and culture
In the list of architectural monuments in Jänschwalde and in the list of ground monuments in Jänschwalde are the monuments entered in the list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg.
- music
The Jänschwalder brass musicians play an important role in the cultural life of the place . The music formation that emerged in 2001 from the Jänschwalde fire brigade band founded in 1972 is now well known nationwide. The WIR for Jänschwalde eV association has been organizing the Jänschwalder Brass Music Festival regularly since 2000 , which attracts hundreds of visitors to Jänschwalde every two years (odd number of years).
- Sorbian traditional life
A local association of the Domowina and the village youth, which is organized as a youth initiative, holds Sorbian traditional events every year. These include the Sorbian Carnival (Zapust) , the Easter bonfire and the Sorbian cock plucking (Kokot) . These festivities are closely tied to the Wendish history of the village. Furthermore, a maypole is set up every May 1st.
Economy and Infrastructure
The private brewery Brauhaus Zur Linde, built in 2000, was located in the Kolonie area . It produced 12,000 liters of beer a year, most of which was served in the associated restaurant, but was also sold in barrels.
traffic
Jaenschwalde lies on the national road L 502 between Tauer and the Federal Straße 97 .
Jänschwalde Ost and Jänschwalde are stops on the regional train line RB 11 ( Frankfurt (Oder) - Cottbus ) on the Guben – Cottbus railway line .
The Cottbus-Drewitz airfield is located in the Drewitz district .
Jänschwalde power plant
The Jänschwalde power plant, the third largest lignite power plant in Germany, is located in the neighboring municipality of Teichland .
Personalities
- Johann Gottfried Ohnefalsch Richter (1703–1765), pastor in Jänschwalde, wrote the first history of the city of Cottbus
- Manfred Haake (* 1943), rower, born in Jänschwalde
- Bernd Kaina (* 1950), biologist and toxicologist , born in Drewitz
literature
- Deborah Schulz: The Jänschwalde Grave Field , Diss., Berlin 2019.
- Office Jänschwalde - for the German-Sorbian communities Drewitz, Grießen, Horno and Jänschwalde in the Spree-Neisse district. 1997, publisher: Amt Jänschwalde
- Martin Pernack (Ed.): 650 years of Jänschwalde. 650 lět Janšojce. Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1996, ISBN 978-3-7420-1669-0 .
- Rudolf Lehmann: History of the turning point in Lower Lusatia. Beltz, Langensalza / Berlin / Leipzig 1930.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
- ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation: Location of Jänschwalde according to Geospatial services. Protected areas in Germany. Retrieved May 5, 2013 .
- ↑ Service portal of the state of Brandenburg; accessed on December 29, 2015
- ^ Brandenburg viewer; accessed on December 29, 2015
- ↑ Interesting facts from the history of the Jänschwalde-Ost / Janšojce-Juitso district. In: www.peitz.de. Amt Peitz, accessed June 21, 2013 .
- ↑ Leif Steguweit: Microscopic examinations of human manipulations on animal bones of the Saale Late Glacial (MIS 6) from Jänschwalde , in: Brandenburgische Geoscientific Contributions 2 (2015) 193–210 ( academia.edu ).
- ↑ Neanderthals in Brandenburg 130,000 years ago , in: Potsdamer Latest News, October 17, 2013.
- ↑ R. Lehmann: History of the turning point in Niederlausitz
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1998
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2003
- ↑ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. District Spree-Neisse . Pp. 18-21
- ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2017 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
- ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
- ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 60
- ↑ Results of the municipal elections in 1998 (mayoral elections) for the Spree-Neisse district ( memento of the original from April 17, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Local elections October 26, 2003. Mayoral elections , p. 32
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on May 25, 2014
- ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 73 (1)
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on May 26, 2019
- ^ Daniel Preikschat: Beer needs a home. In: lr-online.de. Lausitzer Rundschau, June 8, 2006, accessed on May 22, 2013 .
Briesen (Brjazyna) | Castle (Spreewald) (Bórkowy (Błota)) | Dissen-Striesow (Dešno-Strjažow) | Döbern (Derbno) | Drachhausen (Hochoza) | Drebkau (Drjowk) | Drehnow (Drjenow) | Felixsee (Feliksowy jazor) | Forest (Lausitz) (Baršć) | Groß Schacksdorf-Simmersdorf (Tšěšojce-Žymjerojce) | Guben (Gubin) | Guhrow (Góry) | Heinersbrück (Móst) | Jämlitz-Klein Düben (Jemjelica-Źěwink) | Jänschwalde (Janšojce) | Kolkwitz (Gołkojce) | Neisse-Malxetal (Dolina Nysa-Małksa) | Neuhausen / Spree (Kopańce) | Peitz (Picnjo) | Schenkendöbern (Derbno) | Schmogrow-Fehrow (Smogorjow-Prjawoz) | Spremberg (Grodk) | Tauer (Turjej) | Teichland (Gatojce) | Tschernitz (Cersk) | Turnow-Preilack (Turnow-Pśiłuk) | Welzow (Wjelcej) | Advertise (Vjerbno) | Meadow bottom (Łukojce)