Jewish cemetery Salzburg

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Jewish cemetery in the Austrian capital of Salzburg is located in the Aigen district and has served as the main burial place of the Salzburg Jewish community since 1893 . During the time of the Nazis severely damaged, it was returned by the US been restored occupying powers in 1946 and put back into use.

history

Mönchsberg Jewish cemetery

The first Jewish cemetery in Salzburg was in the 14th and 15th centuries not far from the suburb of Mülln and the Müllner Church on Mönchsberg. Instead of the abandoned Jewish cemetery, an observatory for the University of Salzburg was built in 1654 on the site of the same name , which had fallen into disrepair in 1770 and was demolished shortly afterwards. Today the park of the Mönchstein Castle, which has been converted into a hotel, is located here.

Established and used until 1938

The Jewish cemetery in Aigen was laid out in 1893 by the Jewish funeral association Chewra Kadischa, which was founded in the same year . The association acquired the property from the then still independent municipality of Aigen near Salzburg , which after the sale, however, refused to build the Jewish cemetery on the grounds that this would offend the religious feelings of the Catholic residents of Aigen. However, after intervention by the Salzburg state government , this decision was overturned and declared null and void.

The first representative of Salzburg's Jewish community to find his final resting place here was the Salzburg leather goods dealer Rudolf Fürst, who had died a year earlier. His widow Elise, who was also the only woman who donated money for the construction of the Jewish cemetery, had her husband's body transported from the Salzburg municipal cemetery to Aigen and thus "enabled" the first funeral ceremony at the new cemetery.

In the years that followed, the number of burials grew steadily as the community grew older. During the First World War , numerous poorly cared for refugees from the eastern regions of the Habsburg monarchy at that time, including many Jews, died in the camps around Salzburg, which caused the number of burials to rise further and the small cemetery slowly to its limits Capacity bumped.

Destruction and reconstruction (1938–1946)

Jewish Cemetery

After the invasion of the Nazis in March 1938, the Jewish cemetery was confiscated and "the responsible state curator for anthropology explains unimportant". The Nazi authorities sold it in 1940 to the former cemetery attendant Maria Frenkenberger, who desecrated the cemetery grounds as pasture and the morgue as a stable for her cows and pigs. She also sold 68 of the 100 tombstones that were irretrievably lost. After taking over the Jewish cemetery in August 1945, the US occupation forces declared the former transaction to Ms. Frenkenberger to be invalid and in 1946 handed the burial site over to the re-established religious community, which carefully restored the largely destroyed and run-down cemetery and restored it in the same year took into use.

Location and visit

The cemetery complex is a little off the beaten track on the right bank of the Salzach in the Aigen-Glas district. In order to protect it from possible attacks, the Jewish cemetery is only accessible to the public after registering with the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Salzburg.

In 1993, on the occasion of a visit by former Salzburg Jews who had come at the invitation of the Israelite Religious Community, the city of Salzburg erected a memorial to commemorate the destruction during the National Socialist era. The inscription on the memorial lists the names and dates of those who were buried here before 1939 and whose tombstones were destroyed. There is also a memorial at the cemetery with two plaques on which the family names of around 80 children who were stillborn in the Salzburg DP camps between 1945 and 1949 are engraved.

Personalities who found their final resting place here

  • Ignaz Glaser (1853–1916), glass manufacturer
  • Albert Pollak (1833–1921), Kuk Hofantiquar; In 1867, after more than 350 years, he was the first Jew to have the right to settle in Salzburg
  • Robert Jungk (1913–1994), publicist, journalist and futurologist
  • Marko Feingold (1913–2019), survivor of the Shoah, contemporary witness and president of the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Salzburg

See also

Web links

Commons : Jüdischer Friedhof Salzburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Stan Nadel: A Guide through Jewish Salzburg ; Jung and Jung, Salzburg and Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-902144-93-9

Coordinates: 47 ° 46 ′ 33.6 ″  N , 13 ° 4 ′ 46.6 ″  E