Jean Ruel

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Dioscurides edition, Paris 1516. Title page
Veterinariae medicinae Paris 1530. Title page
De natura stirpium Basel 1537. Title page

Jean Ruel (also Jean Du Ruel , de la Ruelle , Rueil , Ruell , Latin Ruellius , a Ruella ; * 1474 in Soissons , † September 24, 1537 in Paris ) was a French humanist , doctor and botanist .

Live and act

Ruel studied medicine in Paris ( Bachelor 1500, Licentiate 1502). In 1506 he became a professor at the medical faculty, and from 1508–1509 he served as its dean . Francis I appointed him one of his personal physicians , and Ruel dedicated several of his writings to him, including his most famous work De natura stirpium (1536).

After the death of his wife, Ruel received minor orders and was elected as canon in the cathedral chapter of Notre Dame on December 12, 1526 .

Ruel, who is said to have acquired his knowledge of Latin and Greek autodidactically after describing older biographies, was related to leading humanists of his time such as Erasmus von Rotterdam and Guillaume Budé and was a sought-after collector of Greek and Latin manuscripts. He owned, among other things, a manuscript of the Euclidean elements , which together with another manuscript by Lazare de Baïf formed the basis for that of Simon Grynaeus the Elder . Ä. edited Editio princeps (Basel 1533). His own editio princeps of the compositions by Scribonius Largus (Paris 1528), which contain the oldest known testimony of the Hippocratic oath in its prologue , was based on a manuscript that has since disappeared, which in the reproduction of Ruel's print in addition to the secondary tradition in Marcellus Empiricus up to the recently offered the only witness to the Scribonius text.

He first gained a great reputation among contemporaries for his Latin edition of the Materia medica des Dioscurides (1516), which made a significant contribution to anchoring the study of this work in university teaching. From the Byzantine literature he translated the Therapeutikon by Johannes Actuarius ( De medicamentorum compositione , published posthumously in 1539 by Ruel's friend and colleague Dionysius Coronius) and, on behalf of Francis I, the Hippiatrika , a compilation on veterinary medicine ( Veterinariae medicinae libri II , 1530 ), which was later published in a German translation by Gregorius Zechendorfer based on Ruel's Latin version ( Von somecherley Gebrechen und Kranken der Roß , Eger 1574; Roßarzney , Nürnberg 1575).

However, he achieved the most lasting effect with his three-volume botanical-pharmaceutical lexicon De natura stirpium (1536), which included about 600 plants in alphabetical order according to their Latin names, with the addition of the French common names , information from Greek, Arabic and Latin sources along with their own Summarizes observations. De natura stirpium remained the most important reference work of this species in pre-Linneian botany.

His compatriot Hubert Sussaneau later published a comment (1542) on the basis of his glosses on the Moretum from the Appendix Vergiliana .

Honors

Charles Plumier named the genus Ruellia of the acanthus family (Acanthaceae) in his honor . Carl von Linné later took over this name. Also the plant genera Ruelliola Baill. , Ruelliopsis C.B.Clarke and Ulleria Bremek. , all of the acanthus family have been named in his honor.

Fonts (selection)

  • Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei de medicinali materia: libri quinq [ue] . Stephanus, Paris 1516 (digitized BSB) (digitized biusanté)
    • Dioscoridae Pharmacorum simplicium reique medicae libri VIII . Schott, Strasbourg 1529 (digitized version)
    • Pedanii Dioscoridis Anazarbei De Medica Materia Libri sex, His Accessit, Praeter Pharmacorum simplicium catalogum copiosus omnium fere medelarum sive curationum Index, Nunc primum ab ipso Ruellio recogniti, & suo nitori restituti. M. Isingrin, Basileae 1539 (digitized version ) Isingrin, Basel 1542 (digitized version )
    • Pedanii Dioscoridis Anazarbei De Medicinali Materia, Libri Sex . Chr. Egenolph, Frankfurt 1543 (digitized version) ; Egenolph, Frankfurt 1549 (digitized version)
    • De medica materia: libri sex . D. Lilius, Venice 1550 (digitized version)
    • Pedanii Dioscoridis Anazarbei, De Medica Materia Libri Sex: His Accessit, Praeter Pharmacorum simplicium catalogum, copiosus omniu [m] ferme medelarum sive curationum index . Frellonius, Lyon 1547 (digitized version )
    • Pedanii Dioscoridis Anazarbei, de Medicinali materia Libri sex … Arnolletum, Lyon 1552 (digitized version )
    • Pedanii Dioscoridis Anazarbei, De Medica Materia Libri Sex … J. Faure, Lyon 1554 (digitized version )
  • Scribonii Largi de Compositionibus medicamentorum Liber unus, antehac nusquam excusus: Joanne Ruellio, doctore medico castigatore . Simon Silvius, Paris 1528 (digitized biusanté)
    • Scribonii Largi, Medici Vetustissimi De compositione medicamentoru [m] liber. A. Cratander, Basel 1529 (digitized version)
  • De Natvra Stirpivm: Libri Tres . Froben, Basel 1537 (digitized version)
  • Actuarius de medicamentorum compositione. Neobarius, Paris 1539 (digitized version )
    • Actvarivs De Medicamentorvm Compositione ... Adiecimus quoque in Medicinae candidatorum gratiam Svccidaniorvm Medicaminvm, quorum uſús habetur reciprocus, Graece & Latine per Conradvm Gessnervm Tigurinum. Robert Winter, Basel 1540 (digitized version)
  • Veterinariae medicinae libri II . Colinaeus, Paris 1530 (digitized BSB) (digitized biusanté)
    • Tōn hippiatrikōn biblia dyo . Valderus, Basel 1537 (digitized version )
    • Gregor Zechendorfer (translator). Two useful, very good books of all kinds of infirmities and illnesses, so that the horses, mules and other four-legged animals, which carry or pull something heavy, are actually described therein, the cause of which they arise, and by which zeyches one can recognize them and from each other under scheyden would like to . Hans Burger, Eger 1571 (digitized version) ; Dietrich Gerlach, Nuremberg 1775 (digitized version)

literature

  • Jean Chrétien Ferdinand Hoefer : Nouvelle biography générale , Volume 42, Paris, Firmin Didot, 1863, Col. 864 f.
  • Peter Krivatsy: Erasmus' Medical Milieu . In: Bulletin of the History of Medicine . Volume 47, number 2, 1973, pp. 113-154, p. 131 (incorrect).
  • Jean-Bernard Michault: Mêlanges historiques et philologiques, Avec des notes , 2nd ed., Volume 1, Tilliard, Paris 1770, pp. 299–301.
  • Michel Reulos, Peter G. Bietenholz: Jean Du Ruel of Soissons . In: Peter G. Bietenholz [u. a.]: Contemporaries of Erasmus: A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and Reformation . Volume 1, University of Toronto Press, Toronto 1985, ISBN 0-8020-2507-2 , p. 415.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jean de Ruelle. In: Dictionnaire des sciences médicales. Biographie médicale , Volume 7. Panckoucke, Paris 1825, pp. 70–71 (digitized version )
  2. ↑ Julius Pagel . Jean de Ruelle . In: Ernst Julius Gurlt and August Hirsch . Biographical lexicon of the outstanding doctors of all times and peoples. Volume 5, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Vienna and Leipzig 1887, p. 115 (digitized version)
  3. ^ Charles Plumier: Nova Plantarum Americanarum Genera . Leiden 1703, p. 12.
  4. ^ Carl von Linné: Critica Botanica . Leiden 1737, p. 94.
  5. ↑ Carl von Linné: Genera Plantarum . Leiden 1742, p. 295.
  6. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Ruel, Jean
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Du Ruel, Jean (full name); La Ruelle, de; Rueil; Ruell; Ruellius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French humanist, doctor and botanist
DATE OF BIRTH 1474
PLACE OF BIRTH Soissons
DATE OF DEATH September 24, 1537
Place of death Paris