Joachim Knape
Joachim Knape (born April 12, 1950 in Heiligenstadt ) is a German literary scholar who v. a. dealing with rhetoric history and theory . Until his retirement in the summer of 2018, Knape was Professor of General Rhetoric at the "Seminar for General Rhetoric" at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen .
Life
From 1970 on, Knape studied German , political science , philosophy and Catholic theology in Göttingen , Regensburg and Bamberg . In 1982 he received his doctorate in Göttingen with a thesis on the history of the term “ history ”. In the following years he continued to work in the field of older German literary and linguistic history.
In 1988 Knape submitted his habilitation thesis on the life and work of the German humanist Sebastian Brant (1457–1521) in Bamberg .
Until 1991 he was a research assistant in Regensburg (modern German studies) and Bamberg (old German studies). Since 1991 Knape has been professor of rhetoric at the University of Tübingen.
From the 2004/05 winter semester to the 2009 summer semester, Knape was Dean of the New Philology Faculty of the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen . He is also the 1st chairman of the Association for the Promotion of Rhetoric in Science and Practice eV, Tübingen.
Rhetoric Research
Knape's most important research fields are the history of rhetoric and the theory of rhetoric. In more recent times, media rhetoric and image rhetoric have been added as further priorities.
Theory of rhetoric: Knape's main project is the development of a modern theory of rhetoric and the systematic repositioning of the rhetoric discipline. The underlying approach is neo-Aristotelian and understands rhetoric as a special, action-oriented communication science. The focus is on the question of the conditions for effective, success-oriented, strategically oriented and persuasive communication behavior in the sense of influencing other socially accepted means of communication.
History of rhetoric: The historical rhetoric focus is currently on the editing of the oldest German texts on the theory of rhetoric (editions: "Rhetorica deutsch. Rhetoric writings of the 15th century" 2002 together with Bernhard Roll; "Friedrich Riederer's mirror of true rhetoric from 1493" 2008 together with Stefanie Luppold; “Kaspar Goltwurm's Schemata rhetorica from 1545” in preparation).
Philological and cultural studies research
Knape continues to cultivate his literary-historical specialties on older German language and literature, humanism, Renaissance and early modern research as well as aesthetic theory. Reference should be made here in particular to the areas of Sebastian Brant, Petrarch reception and historiography research.
Quotes on the basics of modern rhetoric theory
Rhetorical case:
“The 'rhetorical case' occurs when a speaker has found the certum (his inner certainty), makes it his concern, emerges with oratorical impetus and actively asserts him with his ego autem dico [=“ but I say ”] want to provide. In this situation a person takes on the role of auditor, we call him an orator. For him, rhetoric is the attempt to achieve informational sovereignty at least for a moment under the determining conditions of the world by acting out communicative agency. "
Platonic definition of rhetoric :
"The immovable starting point remains the oldest and still most accurate definition, the Platonic definition of rhetoric as psychagogy, as human soul guidance through human beings."
Practical definition of rhetoric today :
"In practice, rhetoric is the mastery of success-oriented strategic communication processes."
Subject and perspective of rhetoric theory :
“The theory of general rhetoric refers to this practice of the empowered communicator. [...] The theory of rhetoric is not interested in the communicator in terms of his role as a player in the concert of the communicative world, but in terms of his role as a soloist or conductor, should he take up the baton. It is therefore not a general communication theory, but a special one. Your perspective is exclusively human strategic communication. "
Anthropological definition of rhetoric :
"Rhetoric is the communicative possibility of the human being, to create social validity for a concern he regards as legitimate, the oratorical telos, and thus to free himself from social determination, at least at the moment of communicative success"
Social historical definition of rhetoric :
"Let us learn to value rhetoric emphatically as one of the great factors that drive culture."
Social theoretical definition of rhetoric :
"In this context, rhetoric as a dynamic factor in communication means that persuasion is the decisive social technique for continuously developing and changing codes beyond individual situations."
Technical definition of rhetoric :
“Rhetoric is communicative contingency management. In the abstract sense, the rhetorical, i.e. H. persuasion-oriented communication (including its success-oriented text creation strategies) to a contingency reduction to be generated by the orator through communicative acts, which wants to limit the variety of understanding or reaction possibilities to a certain selection, which at the same time leads to the establishment of orator-induced [= textually evoked by the communicator] Order in the thinking and feeling of the addressee results. "
Rhetorical imperative :
“Right from the start, rhetoric was the exit of people from social speechlessness, and the rhetorical imperative is: Perorare aude. - Have the courage to use your own expressiveness openly! "
Rhetorical projection :
“This is a projective calculus of addressees and instruments. What does this cumbersome term mean? For the orator, means of communication are instruments, they represent his organon, which he has to deal with very consciously. With the help of his own projective reason, the orator can fantasize into his counterpart, adjust to the specific structural determination of communication partners and calculate experimentally which reaction the means of influencing he used could select the counterpart. "
Cognitive theory definition of text rhetoric according to Aristotle :
“From which level are the textual instruments controlled? What do they have in common in terms of strategic communication? The control level is that of the conceptual concept developed and linguistically developed in the text. For this level, which is to be abstracted in terms of rhetorical theory, the word diánoia [= "thought guidance"] used by Aristotle should be used. In poetics, Diánoia mostly refers to the rational calculation of people or dramatically acting personnel. "
"For Aristotle, the theory of rhetoric has to do with the questions of the mental guidance of the human being, for which the term Diánoia stands for him ('Poetics', Chapter 19)."
Communicative resistance :
“Like every communicator, the orator brings his cognitive constructions to the outside by semiotic coding and medializing them in order to anchor them in the consciousness of his communication partner. This process is problematic in all its phases because, from the orator's point of view, communicative resistance arises on at least five different levels, which ultimately only allows approximate successes in communication: 1. on the cognitive level, which means human thinking and feeling as a whole, 2. on the level of language, 3. on the text level, 4. on the media level and 5. on the situational level. "
Persuasion technical :
“We call the rhetorical act persuasion, i. H. Guiding the thinking of others according to the metabolic principle aimed at change (change of viewpoint with regard to opinion, attitude or behavior). "
“P. structurally describes the change from one mental state to another, which occurs in people as a desired reaction to calculated rhetorical actions that prompt or overcome resistance. [...] From a rhetorical perspective, i. H. From the point of view of the orator, a persuasive act has been successful if the mentioned mental or (as a consequence) a behavioral change from point A to point B has become evident in the recipient. "
Teleological persuasion, change and attachment :
“Traditionally one speaks of persuasion in the methodical processes of persuasion, which is at the service of two socially contradicting principles of rhetoric. The first principle is metabolism, change or alternation, but the second principle is systasis, the social bond. "
Persuasive paradox :
“It relates to the objectives. If the situational persuasion is oriented towards a change, the procedural persuasion ultimately wants the opposite, after the change the non-change, a freely negotiated stable bond. "
Rhetoric as a process and the 2P law :
"According to the [traditional] persuasion act doctrine, the persuasion is successfully concluded with a [single] successful selective generation of bills." - 'However, if you want to build long-term relationships, you have to factor in the next steps in the process.' - “It can succeed if consideration is given to a social-communicative law which I - for the sake of simplicity - would like to call the 2P law. It says that the maintenance of stable social free (!) Attachment requires a persuasive progress, one could also say permanent persuasion. "
Orator :
“The orator, which one could also call the strategic communicator, is the Archimedean point of rhetoric theory. In its framework, it can be seen as an abstract quantity, as a theoretical construct that can be analytically gained from the investigation of various discourses and viewed from different perspectives: as a cognitive calculation, as a social action role or as a communication factor and text-constructing authority. "
"The rhetoric theory understands the orator as a person who expresses intentionality (communicative goals, directed dynamics) in his consciousness, acts it out in the social space of action by communicative intervention via texts, in order to ultimately implement it in the consciousness of his communication partner."
Image rhetoric definition :
"The rhetoric of an image is therefore its underlying, structurally sedimented image, directed towards a communicative effect, and therefore strategic production calculation, as well as its interaction potential (related to contexts of action), which is presented in the text as a persuasive dimension of meaning."
Basic settings:
“The categorical distinction between communicative situation and dimission relates first of all to the practical contrast between the presence and absence of the orator, more precisely: to the practical alternative of whether or not his body functions as a medium in communication. […] The classical theory of rhetoric was based on a basic setting on which all of its considerations were concentrated: the communicative situation. It is assumed that all communication partners are in a face-to-face relationship concentrated in one place. In contrast, modern rhetoric theory has to abstract a second basic setting in order to take account of the development of communication conditions. It is about the cross-situation communication, for which the concept of the Dimission offers itself. The positive effect of the Dimission for the orator is that his text can be sent across the situation via distance communication with the help of external media (messenger, letter, online media, etc.) across space and time without the orator himself doing this part of the communication process as storage and transmitter must be operationally active. "
Code, text, medium, media system :
"Codes are the stock of symbols and signs of a communication community, including their rules of use."
"[A text is] a limited and ordered complex of signs with a communicative intention."
"A medium is a device for storing and sending texts."
"Media systems are institutions that organize the technical infrastructure of media use in a society."
Performance :
"Performance is everything that the medium does with its text as a text carrier."
Fonts
Knape's most important publications include two volumes published by Reclam in Stuttgart in 2000 . One offers a modern theoretical assessment of the subject of rhetoric under the title “What is rhetoric?”, The other a theoretical analysis of the most important historical rhetoric sources under the title “general rhetoric. Stations in the history of theory ”. The more recent books “Medienrhetorik” (2005), “Poetik und Rhetorik” (2006) and “Bildrhetorik” (2007) should also be mentioned.
- 'History' in the Middle Ages and early modern times. Conceptual and generic studies in an interdisciplinary context. Baden-Baden, Koerner, 1984 (Saecvla Spiritalia 10).
- Poetry, Justice and Freedom. Studies of the life and work of Sebastian Brant 1457–1521. Baden-Baden, Koerner, 1992 (Saecvla Spiritalia 23).
- What is rhetoric? Stuttgart, Reclam, 2000.
- General rhetoric. Stations in the history of theory. Stuttgart, Reclam, 2000.
- together with B. Roll (Ed.): Rhetorica deutsch. 15th century rhetoric. Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz, 2002 (= Gratia 40).
- (Ed.): Media rhetoric. Tübingen, Attempto, 2005.
- Poetics and Rhetoric. Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz, 2006 (= Gratia 44).
- (Ed.): Bildrhetorik (= Saecula Spiritalia; Vol. 45), Baden-Baden: Verlag Valentin Koerner 2007, 504 pages, ISBN 978-3-87320-445-4 .
- together with St. Luppold (Ed.): Friedrich Riederer's 'Spiegel derreal Rhetorik' (1493). Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz, 2008 (= Gratia 45).
- together with U. Fix, A. Gardt (Ed.): Rhetoric and Stylistics. 2. Vol. Berlin, New York, de Gruyter, 2008/2009 (= HSK. Handbooks on Linguistics and Communication Studies).
Web links
- Literature by and about Joachim Knape in the catalog of the German National Library
- Association for the Promotion of Rhetoric in Science and Practice eV , Tübingen
- Lecturer portrait from the University of Tübingen
Individual evidence
- ↑ Farewell lecture on July 23, 2018.
- ↑ Joachim Knape: What is rhetoric? 2000, p. 76
- ↑ Joachim Knape: What is rhetoric? 2000, p. 9
- ↑ Joachim Knape: What is rhetoric? 2000, p. 33
- ↑ Joachim Knape: What is rhetoric? 2000, p. 34
- ↑ Joachim Knape: What is rhetoric? 2000, p. 33
- ↑ Joachim Knape: What is rhetoric? 2000, p. 82
- ↑ Joachim Knape: What is rhetoric? 2000, p. 86
- ↑ Joachim Knape: Poetik und Rhetorik 2006, p. 12
- ↑ Joachim Knape: What is rhetoric? 2000, p. 33
- ↑ Joachim Knape: What is rhetoric? 2000, p. 55
- ↑ Joachim Knape: What is rhetoric? 2000, p. 125
- ↑ Joachim Knape: Poetik und Rhetorik 2006, p. 97
- ↑ Joachim Knape: What is rhetoric? 2000, p. 58
- ↑ Joachim Knape: What is rhetoric? 2000, p. 79
- ↑ Joachim Knape: Persuasion , in: Hist. Wb. D. Rhet. 6, 2003, Col. 874f.
- ↑ Joachim Knape: What is rhetoric? 2000, p. 34
- ↑ Joachim Knape: Zwangloser Zwang , in: Ueding / Vogel (Ed.): Von der Kunst der Rede und Beredsamkeit, 1998, p. 60
- ↑ Joachim Knape: Zwangloser Zwang , in: Ueding / Vogel (Hrsg.): Von der Kunst der Rede und Beredsamkeit, 1998, p. 61
- ↑ Joachim Knape: What is rhetoric? 2000, p. 33
- ↑ Joachim Knape: What is rhetoric? 2000, p. 46
- ↑ Joachim Knape: Bildrhetorik 2007, p. 17
- ↑ Joachim Knape: Medienrhetorik 2005, p. 30
- ↑ Joachim Knape: Medienrhetorik 2005, p. 19
- ↑ Joachim Knape: Medienrhetorik 2005, p. 22
- ↑ Joachim Knape: Medienrhetorik 2005, p. 28
- ↑ Joachim Knape: Medienrhetorik 2005, p. 28
- ^ Joachim Knape: Performance in a rhetorical theory perspective , in: Institute for German Language. Yearbook 2007, p. 146
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Knape, Joachim |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German philologist, professor of general rhetoric |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 12, 1950 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Heiligenstadt , Thuringia |